Does Semantic Search Performs Better than Lexical Search in the Task of Assisting Legal Opinion Writing?

Author(s):  
Daniel de Souza Costa Pedroso ◽  
Marcelo Ladeira ◽  
Thiago de Paulo Faleiros
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Anna Formica ◽  
Elaheh Pourabbas ◽  
Francesco Taglino

This paper presents SemSime, a method based on semantic similarity for searching over a set of digital resources previously annotated by means of concepts from a weighted reference ontology. SemSime is an enhancement of SemSim and, with respect to the latter, it uses a frequency approach for weighting the ontology, and refines both the user request and the digital resources with the addition of rating scores. Such scores are High, Medium, and Low, and in the user request indicate the preferences assigned by the user to each of the concepts representing the searching criteria, whereas in the annotation of the digital resources they represent the levels of quality associated with each concept in describing the resources. The SemSime has been evaluated and the results of the experiment show that it performs better than SemSim and an evolution of it, referred to as S e m S i m R V .


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
I Made Kardiyasa ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi ◽  
Ni Made Sukaryati Karma

Hate speech in daily life people now such as expression, sedition, and provocation hate to other people and other community in many aspect such as religion, sex orientation, disabled, gender, racial , skin color, nationality and many else. If hate speech didn’t handle with effective way, efficient, and handle with corresponding with the valid law, so it can be impact social conflict that can increase discrimination action, violence and death loss. In this case there will be a bad impact which so danger for the hate speech victim, so in this case the writer’s get two solution to handle hate speech, that are protection law of hate speech victims and punishment criminal for the people who does hate speech. In this legal opinion writing, I am as a writer use normative method. In my experience, I do problem approach constitution which has related with hate speech, and then this research material reviewed. The result of this research is about law protective for the hate speech victims so that achievement can be protect them and the hate speech victims can feels safe. Hate speech can be says of criminal act because of what they have been done to hate speech victims. Unlawful actions that have been done with on propose or accidentally must be accounted for the acts that consist of constitution that happened and stated as acts that can be get a punishment in jail or fine. Ujaran kebencian dalam kehidupan manusia saat ini yang berupa ungkapan, hasutan, dan provokasi kebencian kepada seseorang atau suatu kelompok lain, dalam hal berbagai aspek berupa, agama, cacat, orientasi seksual, gender, ras, warna kulit, kewarganegaraan, dan lain-lain. Jika hate speech tidak di tangani dengan efektif, efesien dan ditangani sesuai hukum yang berlaku, bisa menimbulkan suatu dampak konflik sosial yang bisa memicu tindak diskriminasi, kekerasan dan atau penghilangan nyawa. Dengan timbulnya dampak yang sangat membahayakan bagi korban hate speech, maka penulis mendapatkan dua rumusan masalah dalam menangani hate speech yaitu, perlindungan hukum bagi korban hate speech dan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku hate speech. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode penulisan normative dan menggunakan pendekatan permasalahan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan hate speech Kemudian bahan penelitian di kaji. Hasil dari penelitian berupa perlindungan hukum bagi korban hate speech supaya tercapainya rasa aman dan dapat melindungi bagi mereka yang menjadi korban hate speech. Hate speech dapat dikatakan sebagai tindak pidana karena telah melakukan suatu Tindakan melawan hukum yang dilakukan dengan sengaja ataupun dengan tidak sengaja harus dipertanggungkawabkan atas tindakannnya berdasarkan undang-undang yang berlaku dan dinyatakan sebagai tindakan yang dapat dihukum kurungan atau denda.


Author(s):  
NICHOLAS C. MILLER ◽  
PHILIP K. CHAN

One sub-field of Genetic Programming (GP) which has gained recent interest is semantic GP, in which programs are evolved by manipulating program semantics instead of program syntax. This paper introduces a new semantic GP algorithm, called SGP+, which is an extension of an existing algorithm called SGP. New crossover and mutation operators are introduced which address two of the major limitations of SGP: large program trees and reduced accuracy on high-arity problems. Experimental results on "deceptive" Boolean problems show that programs created by the SGP+ are 3.8 times smaller while still maintaining accuracy as good as, or better than, SGP. Additionally, a statistically significant improvement in program accuracy is observed for several high-arity Boolean problems.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczyrbak

Abstract The article deals with EU judicial rhetoric and aims to demonstrate how a selection of modal adverbs of certainty (indeed, clearly, (not) necessarily and of course) are used in the Opinions of the Advocates General at the European Court of Justice (ECJ). To this end, it focuses on the rhetorical functions of these adverbs, such as adding emphasis, showing a high degree of commitment and backgrounding alternative viewpoints. The study applies the notions of stance and engagement (Hyland, 2005) and builds on the research into modal adverbs of certainty reported in Simon-Vandenbergen and Aijmer (2007). In summary, the analysis sheds light on the rhetorical potential of modal adverbs, stressing the dialogic dimension of legal opinion writing.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuncheng Jiang ◽  
Mingxuan Yang

This article describes how the traditional web search is essentially based on a combination of textual keyword searches with an importance ranking of the documents depending on the link structure of the web. However, one of the dimensions that has not been captured to its full extent is that of semantics. Currently, combining search and semantics gives birth to the idea of the semantic search. The purpose of this article is to present some new methods to semantic search to solve some shortcomings of existing approaches. Concretely, the authors propose two novel methods to semantic search by combining formal concept analysis, rough set theory, and similarity reasoning. In particular, the authors use Wikipedia to compute the similarity of concepts (i.e., keywords). The experimental results show that the authors' proposals perform better than some of the most representative similarity search methods and sustain the intuitions with respect to human judgements.


1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.


Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.


Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.


Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.


Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.


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