Increasing the Data Rate for Reflected Optical Camera Communication Using Uniform LED Light

Embedding optical camera communication (OCC) commercially as a favorable complement of radio-frequency technology has led to the desire for an intelligent receiver system that is eligible to communicate with an accurate light-emitting diode (LED) transmitter. To shed light on this issue, a novel scheme for detecting and recognizing data transmitting LEDs has been elucidated in this paper. Since the optically modulated signal is captured wirelessly by a camera that plays the role of the receiver for the OCC technology, the process to detect LED region and retrieval of exact information from the image sensor is required to be intelligent enough to achieve a low bit error rate (BER) and high data rate to ensure reliable optical communication within limited computational abilities of the most used commercial cameras such as those in smartphones, vehicles, and mobile robots. In the proposed scheme, we have designed an intelligent camera receiver system that is capable of separating accurate data transmitting LED regions removing other unwanted LED regions employing a support vector machine (SVM) classifier along with a convolutional neural network (CNN) in the camera receiver. CNN is used to detect every LED region from the image frame and then essential features are extracted to feed into an SVM classifier for further accurate classification. The receiver operating characteristic curve and other key performance parameters of the classifier have been analyzed broadly to evaluate the performance, justify the assistance of the SVM classifier in recognizing the accurate LED region, and decode data with low BER. To investigate communication performances, BER analysis, data rate, and inter-symbol interference have been elaborately demonstrated for the proposed intelligent receiver. In addition, BER against distance and BER against data rate have also been exhibited to validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme comparing with only CNN and only SVM classifier based receivers individually. Experimental results have ensured the robustness and applicability of the proposed scheme both in the static and mobile scenarios.

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Performance Analysis and Improvement of Optical Camera Communication

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2527 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Moh. Khalid Hasan ◽

Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury ◽

Md. Shahjalal ◽

Van Thang Nguyen ◽

Yeong Min Jang

Keyword(s):

User Satisfaction ◽

High Performance ◽

Focal Length ◽

Sampling Rate ◽

Image Sensor ◽

Edge Length ◽

Data Rate ◽

Principal Factors ◽

Communication Distance ◽

Optical Camera Communication

Optical camera communication (OCC) is a technology in which a camera image sensor is employed to receive data bits sent from a light source. OCC has attracted a lot of research interest in the area of mobile optical wireless communication due to the popularity of smartphones with embedded cameras. Moreover, OCC offers high-performance characteristics, including an excellent signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), high security, low interference, and high stability with respect to varying communication distances. Despite these advantages, OCC suffers from several limitations, the primary of which is the low data rate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the parameters that influence the OCC performance. These parameters include the camera sampling rate, the exposure time, the focal length, the pixel edge length, the transmitter configurations, and the optical flickering rate. In particular, the focus is on enhancing the data rate, SINR, and communication distance, which are the principal factors determining the quality of service experienced by a user. The paper also provides a short survey of modulation schemes used in OCC on the basis of the achieved data rate, communication distance, and possible application scenarios. A theoretical analysis of user satisfaction using OCC is also rendered. Furthermore, we present the simulation results demonstrating OCC performance with respect to variations in the parameters mentioned above, which include the outage probability analysis for OCC.

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Increasing data rate and security by blue-pixel-value adaptive thresholding for smartphone-screen-based blue-light optical camera communication

10.1109/gcce53005.2021.9621362 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alisa Kawade ◽

Wataru Chujo ◽

Kentaro Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Data Rate ◽

Adaptive Thresholding ◽

Pixel Value ◽

Optical Camera Communication ◽

Blue Pixel

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Design of Solar-Powered LED Road Lighting System

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2017-077 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 75-85

Author(s):

Canan Perdahci ◽

Hamdi Ozkan

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Junction Temperature ◽

Mercury Vapour ◽

Light Sources ◽

Street Lighting ◽

Led Light ◽

Road Lighting ◽

Lighting Systems ◽

High Pressure Sodium Lamp

Turkey is rich in terms of renewable energy sources and, therefore, is now encouraging the use of sustainable clean lighting systems in road applications. High pressure sodium lamp is the most widely used type in main roads, but other types of lamps such as mercury vapour lamps or metal halide lamps can be utilized for street lighting. Since it enables energy and money saving, LED light technology has replaced high pressure sodium lamps nowadays. Once solar power system (PV) is integrated with LED lamp for street lighting, the amount of saving and local impact might be enriched. LEDs used as light sources in road lighting luminaires with rising lumen values, decreasing junction temperature, higher colour rendering efficiency, longer lifetime have become more efficient than many light sources with the latest developments. Since the structure of the luminaires in which the LED light sources are used differs from that of the conventional light sources, the optical, thermal and electrical design of the LED luminaires must be considered differently. Thus, this study concentrates upon design considerations and the operating principle of solarpowered LED road lighting luminaire in details. Also, a simple solar panel system was designed and the economical values obtained at the end of 20 years were compared when using the ongrid system and the off-grid system.

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