Urban Emergency Management using Intelligent Traffic Systems: Challenges and Future Directions

Author(s):  
Fatemeh Golpayegani ◽  
Saeedeh Ghanadbashi ◽  
Maha Riad
Author(s):  
Shengcheng Yuan ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Gangqiao Wang ◽  
Yefeng Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang

The variability of driving behaviors plays an important role in the complexity of traffic systems, especially during emergencies. Due to the difference of driving behaviors in different regions, situations and time, a single simulation model can hardly describe a changing traffic evacuation system well. This paper presents a multi-level meta-model based on common characteristics of driving behaviors to solve the problem of the compatibility of different simulation models, allowing simulation systems using multi-model instead of a single model. It includes four activities: decision, game, individual and transform. Traditional simulation models can be integrated into part of the frame according to the interfaces of the four activities, and the frame is responsible for the interaction of all the models in different activities. A series of numerical experiments proves that the framework is able to present the systematic differences generated by the variability of driving behaviors, which is significant to decision support in emergency management.


Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-894
Author(s):  
Nur Azyani Amri ◽  
Tian Kar Quar ◽  
Foong Yen Chong

Purpose This study examined the current pediatric amplification practice with an emphasis on hearing aid verification using probe microphone measurement (PMM), among audiologists in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frequency of practice, access to PMM system, practiced protocols, barriers, and perception toward the benefits of PMM were identified through a survey. Method A questionnaire was distributed to and filled in by the audiologists who provided pediatric amplification service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. One hundred eight ( N = 108) audiologists, composed of 90.3% women and 9.7% men (age range: 23–48 years), participated in the survey. Results PMM was not a clinical routine practiced by a majority of the audiologists, despite its recognition as the best clinical practice that should be incorporated into protocols for fitting hearing aids in children. Variations in practice existed warranting further steps to improve the current practice for children with hearing impairment. The lack of access to PMM equipment was 1 major barrier for the audiologists to practice real-ear verification. Practitioners' characteristics such as time constraints, low confidence, and knowledge levels were also identified as barriers that impede the uptake of the evidence-based practice. Conclusions The implementation of PMM in clinical practice remains a challenge to the audiology profession. A knowledge-transfer approach that takes into consideration the barriers and involves effective collaboration or engagement between the knowledge providers and potential stakeholders is required to promote the clinical application of evidence-based best practice.


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