Ultrasonic Diagnosis for Bone Fracture Healing Process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kimura ◽  
Keisuke Oe ◽  
Yohei Kumabe ◽  
Tomoaki Fukui ◽  
Takahiro Niikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Diagnosis ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing

PREDICTION OF THE TREND OF BONE FRACTURE HEALING BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE EARLY STAGES SIMULATIONS: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950021
Author(s):  
JALIL NOURISA ◽  
GHOLAMREZA ROUHI
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Early Stages

To date, several studies have implied the importance of early stage mechanical stability in the bone fracture healing process. This study aimed at finding a correlation between the predicted different tissue phenotypes in the early stages of healing and the ultimate healing outcome. For this purpose, the process of fracture healing was numerically simulated employing an axisymmetric bi-phasic finite element (FE) model for three initial gap sizes of 1, 3 and 6[Formula: see text]mm and four initial interfragmentary strains (IFS) of 7%, 11%, 15% and 19%. The model was validated with experimental and other numerical studies from the literature. Results of this study showed that the amount of cartilage and fibrous tissue observed in the early stage after fracture can be used to qualitatively assess the outcome of complete bone healing process. Greater amount of cartilage in early stage of healing process yielded faster callus maturation, and delayed maturation of callus was predicted in the case of high fibrous tissue production. Results of this study can be used to provide an estimation of the performance of different fixation systems by considering the amounts of cartilage and fibrous tissues observed in the early stage of healing.

In silico design of treatment strategies in wound healing and bone fracture healing

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1920) ◽  
pp. 2683-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Geris ◽  
R. Schugart ◽  
H. Van Oosterwyck
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Impaired Healing ◽  
Healing Processes

Wound and bone fracture healing are natural repair processes initiated by trauma. Over the last decade, many mathematical models have been established to investigate the healing processes in silico , in addition to ongoing experimental work. In recent days, the focus of the mathematical models has shifted from simulation of the healing process towards simulation of the impaired healing process and the in silico design of treatment strategies. This review describes the most important causes of failure of the wound and bone fracture healing processes and the experimental models and methods used to investigate and treat these impaired healing cases. Furthermore, the mathematical models that are described address these impaired healing cases and investigate various therapeutic scenarios in silico . Examples are provided to illustrate the potential of these in silico experiments. Finally, limitations of the models and the need for and ability of these models to capture patient specificity and variability are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of high-frequency cyclical stimulation on the bone fracture-healing process: mathematical and experimental models

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1954) ◽  
pp. 4278-4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Gómez-Benito ◽  
Libardo Andrés González-Torres ◽  
Esther Reina-Romo ◽  
Jorge Grasa ◽  
Belén Seral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Healing Process ◽  
Low Magnitude

Mechanical stimulation affects the evolution of healthy and fractured bone. However, the effect of applying cyclical mechanical stimuli on bone healing has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of a high-frequency and low-magnitude cyclical displacement of the fractured fragments on the bone-healing process. This subject is studied experimentally and computationally for a sheep long bone. On the one hand, the mathematical computational study indicates that mechanical stimulation at high frequencies can stimulate and accelerate the process of chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification and consequently the bony union of the fracture. This is probably achieved by the interstitial fluid flow, which can move nutrients and waste from one place to another in the callus. This movement of fluid modifies the mechanical stimulus on the cells attached to the extracellular matrix. On the other hand, the experimental study was carried out using two sheep groups. In the first group, static fixators were implanted, while, in the second one, identical devices were used, but with an additional vibrator. This vibrator allowed a cyclic displacement with low magnitude and high frequency (LMHF) to be applied to the fractured zone every day; the frequency of stimulation was chosen from mechano-biological model predictions. Analysing the results obtained for the control and stimulated groups, we observed improvements in the bone-healing process in the stimulated group. Therefore, in this study, we show the potential of computer mechano-biological models to guide and define better mechanical conditions for experiments in order to improve bone fracture healing. In fact, both experimental and computational studies indicated improvements in the healing process in the LMHF mechanically stimulated fractures. In both studies, these improvements could be associated with the promotion of endochondral ossification and an increase in the rate of cell proliferation and tissue synthesis.

scholarly journals Histological Observation Related to the Use of Laser and Ultrasound on Bone Fracture Healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Habib MF ◽  
Salman MO ◽  
Faleh FW ◽  
Al-Ani IM
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Partial Fracture ◽  
Haversian System

Objective: To study the effect of both laser and ultrasound radiation on bone fracture healing process. Materials and Methods: Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength, 135 mW power, 16 joules energy) and ultrasound (1 MHz frequency, 50 mW/cm2 power intensity) were used in this work. Fifteen mature, male, albino rats, were divided into three groups and subjected to a partial fracture on the lateral aspect of femur by a sharp blade. The fi rst group of these animals served as control group. The second group was illuminated by the Nd:YAG laser for two minutes; the fi rst dose was given immediately after surgical fracture induction; the other doses were given on days two, three, six and then one dose weekly for the next three weeks while the third group were treated by the addition of the CW ultrasound perpendicular to the laser treatment in the second group. Results: The present study showed that ultrasound increases the penetration of laser power through the tissue. The histological assessments at day 28 after the fracture of fi rst group showed incomplete healing of the bone with disfi guration and disarrangement of Haversian system and the periosteum was not yet well developed. Treatment with laser showed irregularity and lack of Haversian system formation in bone healing of the second group. The laser and ultrasound treated group (third group) expressed a complete healing at the site of fracture with a complete layer of periosteum and a well arranged Haversian system. Conclusion: Combination of laser and ultrasound in therapy can enhance healing process of a fractured bone more than laser therapy alone, as ultrasound increases the depth of laser penetration in tissue.

scholarly journals PHOSPHO1 is essential for normal bone fracture healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Morcos ◽  
H. Al-Jallad ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. Farquharson ◽  
J. L. Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Normal Bone

Objectives Bone fracture healing is regulated by a series of complex physicochemical and biochemical processes. One of these processes is bone mineralization, which is vital for normal bone development. Phosphatase, orphan 1 (PHOSPHO1), a skeletal tissue-specific phosphatase, has been shown to be involved in the mineralization of the extracellular matrix and to maintain the structural integrity of bone. In this study, we examined how PHOSPHO1 deficiency might affect the healing and quality of fracture callus in mice. Methods Tibial fractures were created and then stabilized in control wild-type (WT) and Phospho1-/- mice (n = 16 for each group; mixed gender, each group carrying equal number of male and female mice) at eight weeks of age. Fractures were allowed to heal for four weeks and then the mice were euthanized and their tibias analyzed using radiographs, micro-CT (μCT), histology, histomorphometry and three-point bending tests. Results The μCT and radiographic analyses revealed a mild reduction of bone volume in Phospho1-/- callus, although it was not statistically significant. An increase in trabecular number and a decrease in trabecular thickness and separation were observed in Phospho1-/- callus in comparison with the WT callus. Histomorphometric analyses showed that there was a marked increase of osteoid volume over bone volume in the Phospho1-/- callus. The three-point bending test showed that Phospho1-/- fractured bone had more of an elastic characteristic than the WT bone. Conclusion Our work suggests that PHOSPHO1 plays an integral role during bone fracture repair and may be a therapeutic target to improve the fracture healing process. Cite this article: M. W. Morcos, H. Al-Jallad, J. Li, C. Farquharson, J. L. Millán, R. C. Hamdy, M. Murshed. PHOSPHO1 is essential for normal bone fracture healing: An Animal Study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:397–405. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0140.R2.

scholarly journals Modeling the Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation Involved in the Bone Fracture Healing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda Trejo ◽  
Hristo Kojouharov ◽  
Benito Chen-Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Clinical Experiments ◽  
Alternatively Activated

A new mathematical model is presented to study the effects of macrophages on the bone fracture healing process. The model consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that represents the interactions among classically and alternatively activated macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A qualitative analysis of the model is performed to determine the equilibria and their corresponding stability properties. Numerical simulations are also presented to support the theoretical results, and to monitor the evolution of a broken bone for different types of fractures under various medical interventions. The model can be used to guide clinical experiments and to explore possible medical treatments that accelerate the bone fracture healing process, either by surgical interventions or drug administrations.

scholarly journals Modeling the Effects of Macrophages on Bone Fracture Healing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda Trejo ◽  
Hristo Kojouharov ◽  
Benito Chen-Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Clinical Experiments ◽  
Alternatively Activated

A new mathematical model is presented to study the effects of macrophages on the bone fracture healing process. The model consists of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that represents the interactions among classically and alternatively activated macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A qualitative analysis of the model is performed to determine the equilibria and their corresponding stability properties. Numerical simulations are also presented to support the theoretical results and to monitor the evolution of a broken bone for different types of fractures under various medical interventions. The model can be used to guide clinical experiments and to explore possible medical treatments that accelerate the bone fracture healing process either by surgical interventions or drug administrations.

Modelling of bone fracture healing: influence of gap size and angiogenesis into bioresorbable bone substitute

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1997-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Lu ◽  
Tomasz Lekszycki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing

The complex process of bone fracture healing is driven by a set of mechanobiological and biochemical factors. In the present paper, a mathematical model of the angiogenesis effect on bioresorbable bone graft healing is proposed. The synthesis of bone tissue and resorption of bone and bone substitute material are stimulated by adjacent strain energy, and in the meantime regulated by a set of geometry and biochemical factors. The most important new elements included in formulation of this model are the effect of sufficient and insufficient nutrients supply, dependence of actor cell number on pore surface, and dependence of sensor cell number on bone mass. The proposed mathematical formulation was implemented in FEM software COMSOL. A simple example was selected to perform numerical simulations in order to check the effect of gap size and nutrients diffusion rate on healing process. Values of selected parameters introduced in the proposed model were estimated on the basis of experimental results reported in the literature. Agreement between the results of numerical simulations and experimental studies was observed.

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