How Satellite Soil Moisture Data Can Help to Monitor the Impacts of Climate Change: SMAP Case Studies

To validate satellite soil moisture products and compare their quality with other products, standardized, fully traceable validation methods are required. The QA4SM (Quality Assurance for Soil Moisture; ) free online validation tool provides an easy-to-use implementation of community best practices and requirements set by the Global Climate Observing System and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites. It sets the basis for a community wide standard for validation studies.QA4SM can be used to preprocess, intercompare, store, and visualise validation results. It uses state-of-the-art open-access soil moisture data records such as the European Space Agency&#8217;s Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) and the Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S) soil moisture datasets, as well as single-sensor products, e.g. H-SAF Metop-A/B ASCAT surface soil moisture, SMOS-IC, and SMAP L3 soil moisture. Non-satellite data include in-situ data from the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN: ), as well as land surface model or reanalysis products, e.g. ERA5 soil moisture.Users can interactively choose temporal or spatial subsets of the data and apply filters on quality flags. Additionally, validation of anomalies and application of different scaling methods are possible. The tool provides traditional validation metrics for dataset pairs (e.g. correlation, RMSD) as well as triple collocation metrics for dataset triples. All results can be visualised on the webpage, downloaded as figures, or downloaded in NetCDF format for further use. Archiving and publishing features allow users to easily store and share validation results. Published validation results can be cited in reports and publications via DOIs.The new version of the service provides support for high-resolution soil moisture products (from Sentinel-1), additional datasets, and improved usability.We present an overview and examples of the online tool, new features, and give an outlook on future developments.Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the QA4SM & QA4SM-HR projects, funded by the Austrian Space Applications Programme (FFG).

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International and Domestic Law Dimensions of Climate Justice for Arctic Indigenous Peoples

Revue générale de droit ◽

10.7202/1021212ar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 113-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner ◽

Randall S. Abate

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Justice ◽

Case Studies ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Arctic Region ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

The Arctic ◽

Indian Country ◽

Indigenous Nations ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

The Arctic region is in crisis from the effects of climate change. The impacts of climate change pose a particular threat to Arctic indigenous communities. Because of the disproportionate impacts of climate change, these indigenous communities are environmental justice communities. Part I of this article discusses how indigenous nations are environmental justice communities and discusses the unique factors that may apply to environmental justice claims arising in Indian country. The article then presents two case studies to explore how, if at all, these concepts have been previously applied to environmental justice claims brought by various Arctic indigenous communities. Part II addresses the Inuit Circumpolar Conference’s petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Part III considers the Native Village of Kivalina’s lawsuit against numerous private emitters of greenhouse gases. These case studies underscore the failure of international and domestic forums’ consideration of the special situation of Arctic indigenous peoples as environmental justice communities.

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Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies

Land Degradation and Development ◽

10.1002/ldr.3006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 2378-2389 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ahmad Hamidov ◽

Katharina Helming ◽

Gianni Bellocchi ◽

Waldemar Bojar ◽

Tommy Dalgaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Case Studies ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Soil Functions ◽

Adaptation Options ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

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Projeções Climáticas das Alterações da Quantidade de Água no Solo Disponível para o Cultivo de Soja (Climate Projections of Quality Changes in Water Available on the Ground for Cultivation of Soybeans)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v5i4.232863 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 807

Author(s):

Luciana Da Silva Mieres ◽

Claudinéia Brazil Saldanha ◽

Arthur Da Fontoura Tschiedel ◽

Rogério De Lima Saldanha ◽

Maria Angélica Gonçalves Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Agricultural Productivity ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Quality Changes ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

International Panel ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

As alterações climáticas estão associadas a graves impactos na agricultura uma vez que o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das culturas dependem diretamente do clima e das interações solo-atmosfera. A umidade do solo é uma informação fundamental no planejamento agrícola, subsidiando a definição das datas de plantio, necessidades de irrigação e produtividades agrícolas. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas na umidade do solo para uma região de cultura de soja do estado do Rio Grande do Sul através dos cenários estabelecidos pelo IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). Os resultados indicaram uma tendência ao aumento da precipitação, favorecendo o aumento da taxa de umidade do solo na região do médio alto Uruguai. Em síntese, o fator de umidade do solo apresentou condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento vegetal e pelos resultados apresentados, verifica-se que o modelo de previsão de umidade do solo, analisado em conjunto com os cenários do IPCC, são importantes ferramentas para os estudos dos impactos das mudanças climáticas na produtividade agrícola. Palavras chaves: mudanças climáticas, soja, umidade do solo. Climate Projections of Quality Changes in Water Available on the Ground for Cultivation of Soybeans ABSTRACT Climate change is associated with serious impacts on agriculture since the crop growth and development depend directly on the climate and soil-atmosphere interactions. Soil moisture is fundamental information in agricultural planning, helping to define the dates of planting, irrigation needs, and agricultural productivity. In this study was evaluated the impacts of climate change in moisture soil to a region of the soybean crop in the state of Rio Grande do Sul using the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) scenarios set. The results indicated a tendency to increased rainfall, favoring an increase in the rate of soil moisture in the region of the middle upper Uruguay. The factor of soil moisture showed favorable conditions for plant development and the results presented showed that prediction model of soil moisture analyzed in conjunction with the IPCC scenarios are important tools for studies of the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity. Keywords: Climate change, soybean, soil moisture.

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Dealing with multiple hazards and threats on cultural heritage sites: an assessment of 80 case studies

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-08-2018-0245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 109-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lee Bosher ◽

Dowon Kim ◽

Takeyuki Okubo ◽

Ksenia Chmutina ◽

Rohit Jigyasu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Case Studies ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Content Type ◽

Heritage Sites ◽

Threat Mitigation ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.

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Integrating sanitation and climate change adaptation: lessons learned from case studies of WaterAid’s work in four countries

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/1756-3488.20-00012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Tallulah Gordon ◽

Andrés Hueso

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Decision Making ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Case Studies ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Social Aspects ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change ◽

Project Level

The links between climate change and sanitation are frequently overlooked in the WASH sector. This paper examines experiences of WaterAid in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, India, and Madagascar where there was some consideration of the impacts of climate change on sanitation. Climate resilience was often not considered explicitly, however, with work instead framed around weather-related threats that are now increasingly frequent and severe. In these case studies, sanitation and climate integration involved adapting on-site sanitation hardware to physical impacts on infrastructure, while some social aspects of climate resilience were also considered. Integration took place primarily at the project level, while climate change consideration seemed absent from wider planning and decision-making. Aside from these case studies, most of WaterAid’s sanitation work does not seem to incorporate climate change. It is recommended that climate resilience is integrated into each stage of sanitation programming, with a more systematic consideration of its potential impacts.

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