Time-Variant PDFs of AODs and AOAs for Ground Scattering in Low-Altitude Air-to-Air Communication over Open Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Zaixue Wei ◽  
Jian Geng
Keyword(s):  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masna Maya SINTA ◽  
Dian Mutara AMANAH

Aklimatisasi merupakan masa transisi sebelum kultur in vitro dapat ditanam di lingkungan ex vitro. Di daerah tropis, stevia seyogianya ditanam di dataran tinggi. Pengembangan klon stevia yang sesuai untuk dataran rendah di kawasan tropis sangat penting untuk memungkinkan penggunaan mekanisasi pada pertanaman stevia yang luas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh kondisi eksplan dan periode hardening terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan pada tahap aklimatisasi dan pertumbuhan awal stevia klon BS 22 pada area terbuka di dataran rendah di wilayah tropis. Penelitian pertama dilangsungkan menggunakan umur tunas yang berbeda: 0, 1, 2, dan 3 minggu yang dikultur pada media padat sebagai sumber bahan eksplan. Penelitian kedua menggunakan satu buku stevia pada periode hardening dalam media cair selama 1, 4, 7 dan 10 hari. Aklimatisasi dilaksanakan dengan menanam eksplan dalam medium tumbuh campuran pada multi-tray dan diletakkan di dalam sungkup plastik tertutup selama 1 bulan. Tanaman yang berhasil hidup kemudian dipindah ke polibeg pada area terbuka dengan sinar matahari penuh. Pengamatan daya hidup dan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada akhir tahap aklimatisasi dan setelah 2 bulan di area terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplan umur 1 minggu yang dikultur pada media padat mempunyai daya hidup tertinggi yakni 83%. Buku tunggal stevia yang dikultur pada medium cair pada tahap hardening selama 4 hari meningkatkan daya hidup menjadi 97% selama aklimatisasi 1 bulan. Setelah aklimatisasi, tinggi tanaman secara rata-rata adalah 2,6 cm dengan 10,6 helai daun. Tanaman yang dipindah ke area terbuka tumbuh pesat dengan tinggi tanaman mencapai 12 cm dengan 30 helai daun dan daya hidup 63% setelah 2 bulan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa stevia klon BS 22 mungkin sesuai untuk dataran rendah di daerah tropis.  [Kata kunci: tanaman pemanis, eksplan tunas, tahap hardening, daya hidup, tropika] AbstractAcclimatization is a transition period before in vitro culture can be planted in ex vitro environment. In the tropical region, stevia is should be planted at high altitude areas. The development of stevia clones suitable for low land area in the tropics is important to make it possible to apply mechanization in a large scale stevia plantation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of explant conditions and hardening period on survival rate and growth during acclimatization stage and early growth of stevia clone B 22 in an open area at low altitude area in the tropics. The first experiment was conducted using different shoot ages: 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks cultured on solid media as an explant material source. The second experiment was using single node of stevia in different hardening periods in liquid media for 1, 4, 7 and 10 days.  Acclimatization was carried out by planting the explants on a mixture growing medium in multi-trays and placed inside a closed plastic tunnel for 1 month. The survival rate and growth parameters were observed at the end of acclimatization stage and after 2 months in the open area. The results show that 1-week explant age on solid media had the highest survival rate at 83%. Hardening single node of shoot in a liquid medium for 4 days increased the survival rate to 97% in 1 month acclimatization stage.  After acclimatization, the plant height on average was 2.6 cm with 10.6 leaves. The survived plants planted in an open area grew rapidly to 12 cm in height with 30 leaves and survival rate 63% within 2 months. It indicates that stevia clone BS 22 may suitable for a low altitude area in the tropics. [Key words: sweetener plant, shoot explant, hardening period, survival rate, tropics]  


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zaixue Wei ◽  
Qipeng Tang

Aerial communication is very flexible due to almost no restrictions on geographical conditions. In recent years, with the development and application of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the air-to-air communication attracts dense interests from the researchers. More accurate and precise channel modeling for air-to-air communication is a new hot topic because of its essential role in the performance evaluation of the systems. This paper presents an analytical nonstationary regular-shaped geometry-based statistical model for low-altitude air-to-air communication over an open area with considerations on ground scattering. Analytical expressions of the channel impulse response and the autocorrelation functions based on the three-ray model are derived. Based on the assumption of uniform distribution of the ground scatterers, the distributions of the channel coefficients such as time delay and path attenuation are derived, simulated, compared, and fitted. The nonstationary characteristics of the channel are observed through the time-variant distributions of the channel coefficients as well as the time-variant autocorrelated functions and time-variant Doppler power spectrum density.


1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
J. Baláž ◽  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
M. A. Kovalevskaya ◽  
K. Kudela ◽  
S. N. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  

AbstractThe experiment SONG (SOlar Neutron and Gamma rays) for the low altitude satellite CORONAS-I is described. The instrument is capable to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection in the energy range 0.1 – 100 MeV as well as detection of neutrons with energies above 30 MeV. As a by-product, the electrons in the range 11 – 108 MeV will be measured too. The pulse shape discrimination technique (PSD) is used.


Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
David Leaffer

There are certain advantages for electron probe analysis if the sample can be tilted directly towards the detector. The count rate is higher, it optimizes the geometry since only one angle need be taken into account for quantitative analysis and the signal to background ratio is improved. The need for less tilt angle may be an advantage because the grid bars are not moved quite as close to each other, leaving a little more open area for observation. Our present detector (EDAX) and microscope (Philips 300) combination precludes moving the detector behind the microscope where it would point directly at the grid. Therefore, the angle of the specimen was changed in order to optimize the geometry between the specimen and the detector.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document