Classification of vocal fold nodules and cysts based on vascular defects of vocal folds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Irem Turkmen ◽  
M. Elif Karsligil ◽  
Ismail Kocak
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

Vibration Characteristics of the Vocal Folds

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hai ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
A. Mirnajafi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Transverse Isotropic ◽  
Body Theory ◽  
Oscillation Characteristics ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

The vibration characteristics of the vocal folds are investigated using a finite element model which incorporates the in-homogeneity and anisotropy of the materials and the irregularity of the geometry. The model employs the cover and body theory to build the structure of the vocal folds and implements measured viscoelastic properties of the mucosa and the transverse isotropic elastic properties of the muscles. It has the potential to simulate some vocal-fold disorders and determine the change in characteristics. To determine the oscillation characteristics of the folds, the eigenfrequency and eigenmodes of the finite element model are determined using the ABAQUS software. The model results compare well with some experiments performed on a silicon vocal fold. It is anticipated that the model will help to identify voice disorders such as vocal-fold paralysis and vocal-fold nodules.

Normal Voice Production: Computation of Driving Parameters from Endoscopic Digital High Speed Images

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Braunschweig ◽  
J. Lohscheller ◽  
U. Eysholdt ◽  
U. Hoppe ◽  
M. Döllinger
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Inversion Procedure ◽  
High Speed Glottography

Summary Objectives: A central point for quantitative evaluation of pathological and healthy voices is the analysis of vocal fold oscillations. By means of digital High Speed Glottography (HGG), vocal fold oscillations can be recorded in real time. Recently, a numerical inversion procedure was developed that allows the extraction of physiological parameters from digital high speed videos and a classification of voice disorders. The aim of this work was to validate the inversion procedure and to investigate the applicability to normal voices. Methods: High speed recordings were performed during phonation within a group of five female and five male persons with normal voices. By using knowledge based image processing algorithms, motion curves of the vocal folds were extracted at three different positions (dorsal, medial, ventral). These curves were used to obtain physiological voice parameters, and in particular the degree of symmetry of the vocal folds based upon a biomechanical model of the vocal folds. Results: The highest degree of symmetry was observed for the medial motion curves. While the dor-sally and ventrally extracted motion curves exhibited similar results concerning the degree of symmetry the performance of the algorithm was less stable. Conclusions: The inversion algorithm provides reasonable results for all subjects when applied to the medial motion curves. However, for dorsal and ventral motion curves, correct performance is reduced to 85 %.

Benign Lesions of the Vocal Folds: Histopathology and Phonotrauma

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik G. Dikkers ◽  
Peter G. J. Nikkels
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Reinke Edema ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

Benign lesions of the vocal folds have various appearances. Histopathologic examination might provide the true diagnosis. Therefore, histologic slides of 74 patients (92 vocal folds) with clinically well-defined diagnoses were single-blind examined by a pathologist. Single histologic features did not differentiate between different clinical entities, but combinations make some diagnoses more likely than others. Ultrastructural examination of submucosal vessels in the three most common clinical entities (polyps, Reinke edema, and vocal fold nodules) showed an entity-unique pattern of abnormal increase of layers of basement membrane—like material. A potential pathogenetic model of benign lesions of the vocal folds is presented, employing a combination of histopathologic findings and their possible relations with various forms of trauma inducing and maintaining these lesions.

scholarly journals Does Voice Therapy Cure All Vocal Fold Nodules?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baisakhi Bakat ◽  
Arunima Roy ◽  
Amitabha Roychoudhury ◽  
Barin Kumar Raychaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Voice Outcome ◽  
Vocal Nodules ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

ABSTRACT Introduction Vocal nodules are known to be one of the most common benign lesions, commonly situated at the junction of anterior one third and posterior two third of vocal folds. Voice therapy is considered to be the gold standard of treatment of vocal fold nodule. Objectives To determine the efficacy of voice therapy in the treatment of vocal fold nodules and to identify any possible reason for failure to voice therapy in managing vocal fold nodules. Materials and methods A prospective study, conducted over a period of 6 months. Eighteen adult patients diagnosed with vocal fold nodules at a tertiary care hospital were subjected to 6 weeks of voice therapy. Pre and post therapy subjective (Voice Handicap Index-10) and objective (Rigid fiber optic laryngoscopy) evaluation was done. Patients with no improvement after 6 weeks of voice therapy underwent micro laryngeal surgery. All patients were followed up at 3 months and 6 months. Results In majority of patients, objective and subjective voice outcome parameters were significantly improved after voice therapy. Although a few cases showed no significant improvement after therapy, they recovered completely after microlaryngoscopic surgery. It was found that patients who required surgery even after voice therapy had hard nodules. How to cite this article Bakat B, Gupta A, Roy A, Roychoudhury A, Raychaudhuri BK. Does Voice Therapy Cure All Vocal Fold Nodules? Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2014;4(2):55-59.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Findings of Early Stage Vocal Fold Cancer

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Peter Kitzing
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas

To describe early cancerous and precancerous lesions of the laryngeal vocal folds as well as of the most common differential diagnoses, based on a series of microlaryngoscopic photographs. Some introductory remarks about terminology and the classification of epithelial lesions of the vocal folds are included. The paper ends with some comments as to the management of epithelial thickenings (or leukoplakias) of the vocal folds. Malignancy should be suspected as long as it has not been ruled out by histologic diagnosis on adequate biopsies, which is the only way to correctly evaluate the character of such lesions. Precancerous lesions should be controlled by regular follow up examinations as carefully as invasive carcinomas (posttreatment), because there is a high tendency for recurrences or for later development of malignancy in these cases.

Videoendoscopic Analysis of Laryngeal Function during Laughter

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Yanagisawa ◽  
Martin J. Citardi ◽  
JO Estill
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

Although commonly encountered in all human cultures, laughter remains poorly understood. In order to examine laryngeal function during laughter, telescopic and fiberscopic videolaryngoscopy was performed on five subjects, who laughed in the different vowels, at various frequencies, and in several voice qualities. During laughter, the vocal folds were found consistently to undergo rhythmic abduction and adduction. At the end of these specific phonation tasks, all subjects were able to gain voluntary control of paramedian vocal fold positioning. This study better defined laryngeal function during laughter. These results have important clinical implications. Voluntary vocal fold positioning has important applications in speech therapy for dysphonias, such as vocal fold nodules, in which the primary cause is vocal fold hyperadduction. Patients suffering from these hyperadductive dysphonias may be able to utilize laughter to correct them.

The Effect of the Mother’s Participation in Therapy on Children with Vocal Fold Nodules

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110024
Author(s):  
Nevreste Didem Sonbay Yılmaz ◽  
Cansu Afyoncu ◽  
Nuray Ensari ◽  
Muhammet Yıldız ◽  
Özer Erdem Gür
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Vocal fold nodules (VFN) are a bilateral epithelial thickening of the membranous vocal folds. In this study, children with VFN and their mothers took part in voice therapy. We then compared acoustic analyzes and subjective evaluations to those in previous literature to determine whether voice therapy is more effective for children with VFN when their mothers also take part in therapy. Methods: Children aged eight to 12 years who were diagnosed with bilateral VFN between January 2018 and January 2020 were included in this study. Participating children diagnosed with bilateral VFN were divided into two groups based on the wishes and cooperation of their families. Group 1 consisted of 16 patients; Group 2 included 17 patients. The children in Group 1 received voice therapy alone; children in Group 2 took part in therapy with their mothers. For all participants, the average fundemental frequency (F0), jitter percentages, shimmer percentages, maximum phonation time (MPT) and s/z ratios were measured. Pediatric voice handicap index (p-VHI) values were calculated as well. Results: The two groups’ measures pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared. Except for p-VHI, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, p-VHI post-treatment was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. Conclusions: Involving the families and even teachers of children with VFN in voice therapy can increase the effectiveness of therapy. The family’s involvement increases the child’s motivation in therapy. The mother’s presence during therapy, supporting the child or even doing the work with the child, can be a very important source of motivation for the child, who may already be tired from school and other activities. Thus, the mother’s involvement increases the child’s compliance with and interest in therapy.

scholarly journals Ventricular-Fold Dynamics in Human Phonation

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Bailly ◽  
Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni ◽  
Frank Müller ◽  
Anna-Katharina Rohlfs ◽  
Markus Hess
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Oscillatory Motion ◽  
Throat Singing

Purpose In this study, the authors aimed (a) to provide a classification of the ventricular-fold dynamics during voicing, (b) to study the aerodynamic impact of these motions on vocal-fold vibrations, and (c) to assess whether ventricular-fold oscillations could be sustained by aerodynamic coupling with the vocal folds. Method A 72-sample database of vocal gestures accompanying different acoustical events comprised high-speed cinematographic, audio, and electroglottographic recordings of 5 subjects. Combining the physiological correlates with a theoretical model of phonation, the vocal–ventricular aerodynamic interactions were investigated. Results A ventricular-fold motion is found during (de)crescendos, shout, throat singing, yodel, growls, and glides with transitions between registers. Three main types of dynamics are identified: slow nonoscillatory motion and fast oscillatory motion with aperiodical or periodical vibrations. These patterns accompany a change in voice quality, pitch, and/or intensity. Alterations of glottal-oscillatory amplitude, frequency, and contact were predicted. It is shown that a ventricular oscillation can be initiated and sustained by aerodynamic coupling with the vocal folds. Conclusions Vocal–ventricular aerodynamic interactions can alter, enhance, or suppress vocal-fold vibrations or leave them unchanged, depending on the ventricular-fold dynamics involved. Depending on its variation in time, a similar level of ventricular-fold adduction impacts the glottal vibratory magnitude and contact much differently.

Revision of classification of laryngeal cancer, is it long overdue?

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kleinsasser
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Tumour Spread ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinomas ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

AbstractThe TNM-classification of laryngeal carcinomas of the UICC contains a number of weaknesses which diminish their prognostic relevance. Based on clinical observations and microscopic investigations of surgical specimens, several changes are proposed to improve the existing TN-classification.The larynx is subdivided by the UICC into the supraglottic, the glottic and the subglottic main area and their tumours. There are embryological, anatomical, functional and oncological reasons to divide the larynx into two main areas only—the supraglottis and the glottis (vocal folds) without any further subsites and to abandon a separate group of subglottic tumours. The T size of a tumour should not be assessed according to the extent of an ill-defined anatomical region, but measured in millimetres of greatest surface extent only. The T2 category of vocal fold tumours should not contain those which lead to an inhibited mobility of the fold. All tumours with reduced vocal fold mobility or fixation should be classified as T3 or T4 according to the dimension of invasion. Post-operative pathological examinations (pT/pN) allow an assessment of the true extent of a tumour in three dimensions. A validation study using a ‘metric’ T pT-classification shows very distinct groups of tumours with a significantly different prognosis from Tis 1 to T4. Studies of lymph node metastases in the neck have shown that, number, size, site of metastasis and the presence of extracapsular tumour spread have a significant influence on the prognosis. An improved N/pN-classification taking these factors in consideration is proposed.

Pediatric Benign Vocal Fold Lesions: A Team Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geralyn Harvey Woodnorth ◽  
Roger C. Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Benign Vocal Fold Lesions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Team Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

Abstract Many children with dysphonia present with benign vocal fold lesions, including bilateral vocal fold nodules, cysts, vocal fold varices, and scarring. Evaluation and treatment of these children are best undertaken in a thoughtful and coordinated manner involving both the speech-language pathologist and the otolaryngologist. The goals of this article are (a) to describe the team evaluation process based on a “whole system” approach; (b) to discuss etiological factors and diagnosis; and (c) to review current medical, behavioral, and surgical treatments for children with different types of dysphonia.

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