Alternative methodology for characterization of industrial process sensitivity to voltage sags

Author(s):  
R.C. Leborgne ◽  
J.M. Carvalho ◽  
J. Policarpo ◽  
G. de Abreu ◽  
T. Cle Oliveira ◽  
...  
Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Paolo Morazzoni ◽  
Paola Vanzani ◽  
Sandro Santinello ◽  
Antonina Gucciardi ◽  
Lucio Zennaro ◽  
...  

A “green” solvent-free industrial process (patent pending) is here described for a grape seed extract (GSE) preparation (Ecovitis™) obtained from selected seeds of Veneto region wineries, in the northeast of Italy, by water and selective tangential flow filtration at different porosity. Since a comprehensive, non-ambiguous characterization of GSE is still a difficult task, we resorted to using an integrated combination of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS). By calibration of retention time and spectroscopic quantification of catechin as chromophore, we succeeded in quantifying GPC polymers up to traces at n = 30. The MS analysis carried out by the ESI-HRMS method by direct-infusion allows the detection of more than 70 species, at different polymerization and galloylation, up to n = 13. This sensitivity took advantage of the nanoscale shotgun approach, although paying the limit of missed separation of stereoisomers. GPC and MS approaches were remarkably well cross-validated by overlapping results. This simple integrated analytical approach has been used for quality control of the production of Ecovitis™. The emerging feature of Ecovitis™ vs. a popular benchmark in the market, produced by a different technology, is the much lower content of species at low n and the corresponding increase of species at high n.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Blanca I. Maldonado-Guevara ◽  
Sandra T. Martín del Campo ◽  
Anaberta Cardador-Martínez

In this work, the quality parameters of commercial agave syrups produced in five different Mexican states and with different production process were evaluated. Regulated parameters (pH, Moisture, Ashes, and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural), as well as color and aw, were measured on 25 agave syrups, including traditional samples as controls. Traditional and semi-industrial syrups were samples obtained by thermal hydrolysis. Additionally, the semi-industrial process included control of process variables such as pH, °Bx, and temperature. The industrial process is technified. The agave syrups ranged from 70-76 °Bx, pH ranged from 3.2-6.7, and moisture from 20.2-28.6%. The aw values shown a wide variation as well as L* a* and b* color parameters. Some of those parameters shown significant differences in ANOVA analysis; however, most of the samples complied with the norm. General Discriminant Analysis (GDA) made it possible to discriminate between production process by using pH, % Ash, b*, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural and a* parameters. Further analysis of a wide range of syrups and the inclusion of non-regulated compounds such as volatile compounds and carbohydrates are needed to get more information for a deeper characterization of agave syrups. 


Author(s):  
Diego Villa Valdivieso ◽  
Mabel Parada Rivera ◽  
Marlene García Veloz

The main objective of this work was to design the industrial process for the elaboration of quinoa extruded (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) of vanilla, chocolate and passion fruit flavors. The first step was the physical, bromatological and microbiological characterization of the raw material according to the ‘NTE INEN 1673 (2013): Quinoa Requirements’. Next, both the laboratory and industrial processes were performed, in which the unitary operations suitable for precise design were determined, including extrusion, evaporation, mixing and drying. Simultaneously, data of the necessary processes were taken (humidity, temperature and time) which facilitated all engineering calculations essential to generate a daily production using 17 kg of natural quinoa extrude to obtain 22,702 kg of vanilla, 23,491 kg of chocolate or 24,137 kg of passion fruit values that were determined by mass balances. With these processed samples, a sensory evaluation was conducted using a preference test in which the vanilla flavor obtained a 63.03% acceptability, followed by passion fruit with 20.72%, and finally chocolate with 16.22%. Once it was completed, the design was validated through the ‘NTE INEN 2570 (2011): grain, cereal and seed snacks. Requirements’, recording values within the limits recommended by the norm. Thus, the product is suitable for human consumption. Keywords: Humidity, Extrusion, Mass balance, food safety, Statgraphycs (software). Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo por principal objetivo diseñar el proceso industrial para la elaboración de extruido de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) sabor a vainilla, chocolate y maracuyá, donde para cumplirlo se inició con la caracterización física, bromatológica y microbiológica de la materia prima acorde a la ‘NTE INEN 1673 (2013): Quinua. Requisitos.’, seguido a esto se desarrolló el proceso tanto a nivel de laboratorio como industrial en donde se determinaron las operaciones unitarias idóneas para un diseño preciso entre las que constan la extrusión, la evaporación, el mezclado y el secado, a la vez se tomaron los datos necesarios de las variables del proceso (humedad, temperatura y tiempo) que ayudarían a realizar todos los cálculos de ingeniería indispensables para generar una producción diaria que utiliza 17 kg de extruido de quinua natural para obtener 22,702 kg de vainilla, 23,491 de chocolate o 24,137 kg de maracuyá, valores que fueron determinados mediante balances de masa. Con las muestras elaboradas se procedió a realizar una ficha de evaluación sensorial utilizando una prueba de preferencia en la que el sabor de vainilla tuvo un 63,03% de aceptabilidad, seguido del de maracuyá con un 20,72% y por último el de chocolate con un 16,22%. Una vez se culminó el diseño se realizó su validación a través de la ‘NTE INEN 2570 (2011): Bocaditos de granos, cereales y semillas. Requisitos.’, registrando valores dentro de los límites recomendados por dicha norma, por lo tanto el producto es apto para el consumo humano. Palabras Clave: Humedad, Extrusión, Balance de masa, Seguridad alimentaria Statgraphycs (software).


Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaramillo Serna ◽  
López-Lezama

When addressing the problem of calculating the settings for directional overcurrent elements, the focus is usually the determination of the pickup, time dial and operating characteristic, in order to ensure proper selectivity with adjacent protection elements, thus limiting the problem related to the settings calculation of the direction determination characteristic to the application of typical settings and general guidelines, which cannot provide a reliable measure of the suitability of such settings. The present article describes in detail an alternative methodology for determining these settings, based on a characterization of the power system where the directional protection is to be applied, through the performance of a detailed short-circuit sensitivity analysis. From this, an optimization problem is formulated and solved to obtain the main settings shaping the direction determination characteristic, and then, a series of variables are used to measure the performance of the obtained settings, and even to improve it. The obtained results show the advantages of the application of the proposed methodology over the traditional methodology, based on typical settings and general guidelines, pointing out the risks of using the later.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Mance ◽  
Aleix Comas-Vives ◽  
Christophe Copéret

Heterogeneous catalysts fulfill vital roles in industrial process, however due to the nature of the catalytic surfaces typically containing either a low abundance of active sites and being amorphous in nature leads difficulties when attempting to study the structure of the active sites. In this work we show how making use of fast MAS ssNMR probes allows to efficiently detect well resolved <sup>1</sup>H detected spectra of heterogeneous catalysts. This approach was applied to study the structure of surface species resulting from the grafting of VO(OiPr)<sub>3</sub> onto a partially dehydroxylated silica using the surface organometallic chemistry approach. The use of the <sup>1</sup>H sensitivity enabled to detect various hetero- and homo-nuclear correlation spectra in order to study the structure of this system and to resolve the structure of the grafted vanadium complex. More specifically, VO(OiPr)<sub>3</sub> grafts through both protonolysis and opening of siloxane bridges to generate a bis-grafted species, in contrast to most other alkoxides.<br>


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.


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