Swarm - a constellation to study the dynamics of the Earth's magnetic field and its interactions with the Earth system

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Thomsen ◽  
F. Hansen ◽  
N. Olsen ◽  
E.F. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field

The westward drift of the Earth's magnetic field

1950 ◽  
Vol 243 (859) ◽  
pp. 67-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Secular Variation ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Dynamo Theory ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Harmonic Analyses ◽  
Westward Drift

The westward drift of the non-dipole part of the earth’s magnetic field and of its secular variation is investigated for the period 1907-45 and the uncertainty of the results discussed. It is found that a real drift exists having an angular velocity which is independent of latitude. For the non-dipole field the rate of drift is 0.18 ± 0-015°/year, that for the secular variation is 0.32 ±0-067°/year. The results are confirmed by a study of harmonic analyses made between 1829 and 1945. The drift is explained as a consequence of the dynamo theory of the origin of the earth’s field. This theory required the outer part of the core to rotate less rapidly than the inner part. As a result of electromagnetic forces the solid mantle of the earth is coupled to the core as a whole, and the outer part of the core therefore travels westward relative to the mantle, carrying the minor features of the field with it.

Partial Castastrophism and Pick & Choose Empiricism: The Science of “Creationist” Geology

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
William J. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Organic Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Repeated Use

“Scientific creationists” have created their own version of geology in order to defend their axiomatic insistance on a young Earth. To “prove” the Earth's youth, they cite (among other things) measured decay-rates of Earth's magnetic field and concentrations of elements in seawater. They also state that all plutons are quick frozen, that plutonic igneous rocks bear no relation to modern volcanism, and that all sedimentary rocks must be interpreted in terms of a “global hydrologic singularity,” i.e. Noah's Flood.Having explicitly denied uniformitarianism and embraced catastrophism, “Creationists” renege by using uniformitarian reasoning over and again. They practice “pick & choose” empiricism by citing only those data which seem to support their case. “Creationists” even choose when and if to apply scientific principles, e.g. their use of thermodynamics to “disprove” organic evolution while ignoring thermodynamics' implications for magma cooling and metamorphism.The methods of “Creationism” are clearly intended not to increase knowledge of the Earth but to delude the scientifically unsophisticated. Thus, “Creationism” can hardly be considered a science. Further, its repeated use of fallacious thinking brands “Creationism” as hopelessly illogical and its disingenuous statements and tactics disqualify it from even the ranks of nonempirical epistemological systems.

On the possibility of an intra-Earth source of Sq-variations of the Earth's magnetic field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibit Zhumabayev ◽  
Ivan Vassilyev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Spherical Body ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Variation Vector

<p>Analysis of the direction of motion of the vector of Sq-variations of the Earth's magnetic field, depending on the time of day and season of the year, shows that the observed Sq-variation is similar to the magnetic field created by a negatively charged spherical body moving in space. Transformations of the Sq-variation vector from the local coordinate system of the magnetic observatory to the ecliptic coordinate system are performed. A possible connection between the origin of the Sq-variation and the electric dipole moment of quartz molecules oriented towards the center of the Earth during the crystallization of the mineral and causing the electric and dipole magnetic fields of the Earth is considered. A scheme for conducting an experiment that allows us to separate the effects of extraterrestrial and extraterrestrial sources of Sq-variations is proposed.</p>

Magnetic Anomalies as a Reference for Ground-speed and Map-matching Navigation

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Tyrén
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
Ground Speed ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The Earth's magnetic field has long provided us with a directional reference of almost worldwide usable coverage. This paper examines the use of the magnetic field for ground referenced motion and position measurementsWhere E is the vector representation of an electrical field, v vehicle velocity and B a magnetic field, the electromagnetic law of induction, E = v × B, indicates one possibility for measuring ground speed; the magnetic and electrical fields experienced by vehicle mounted sensors being used to solve the equation for v. This method however only gives the component of v perpendicular to the magnetic field. There are also certain difficulties associated with the measurement of B, which should be only the magnetic field of the Earth at the location of the vehicle, and E, which should be only the electrical field resulting from vehicle motion relative to the magnetic field of the Earth. The main problem appears to be the inseparability of motion dependent and non dependent electrical fields, a problem analogous to that of gravitation-acceleration inseparability for inertial navigation systems. The relative magnitudes of the vehicle-motiondependent E-field, of the order of 10−5 (volt/metre)/(metre/second), and the ever-present and very variable non-motion-dependent E-field between a highly conductive atmospheric layer at an altitude of about 50 km and the surface of the Earth, of some 102 volt/metre, are particularly unfavourable. Another potential basis for a ground-speed measurement system is the heterogeneous character of the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field.

scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2(11)2011 (2(11)) ◽  
pp. 284-286
Author(s):  
V. Semenov ◽  
◽  
J. Vozar ◽  
Yu. P. Sumaruk ◽  
B. Ladanivskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ring Currents ◽  
Geomagnetic Pole ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Poles

It is known that magnetic poles of the Earth is accelerated and is now being ≈ 50 km/year (Olsen & Mandea, 2007) while the geomagnetic pole (the dipole part), which is computed (fictitious) value, has much less velocity. It is believed that the magnetospheric outer ring currents are held by the dipole part of the Earth’s magnetic field. The low frequency magnetic variations of that source allow determine the current position of the source axis and its corresponding pole which as shown experimentally precesses around the geomagnetic pole.

Thermoelectric model of the Earth's magnetic field

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
A. N. Dmitriev ◽  
Yu. V. Pakharukov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Dipole Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Thermoelectric Model

A variant of the thermoelectric model of the Earth's dipole magnetic field is considered. It is based on geothermoelectric currents present in the planet's core. The currents cyclically change their direction, which leads over time either to warming on the Earth, if their movement is directed towards the Earth's crust, or to cooling, when moving towards the inner core. With each change in the direction of movement of the thermal currents, the poles of the Earth's magnetic field are inverted simultaneously. The inversion process is instantaneous (on the scale of planetary time) and is not the result of a gradual reversal on the 180° Earth's magnetic axis. At the moment of inversions of thermal currents in the core, the total geomagnetic field decreases to the level of 4.6∙10-6 T, which is constantly supported by thermal currents of semi-conducting rocks of the lower mantle. The considered version of the thermoelectric model of the Earth's magnetic field may be promising for studying the magnetic fields of planets in the Solar system.

7. The Earth’s magnetic field

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-126
Author(s):  
William Lowrie
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Harmful Radiation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field, which originates inside its molten core, and which for centuries has helped travellers to navigate safely across uncharted regions. The magnetic field protects life on the Earth by acting as a shield against harmful radiation from space, especially from the Sun. ‘The Earth’s magnetic field’ explains that the magnetic field at the Earth’s surface is dominantly that of an inclined dipole. The Sun’s deforming effect on the magnetic field outside the Earth is described, as are the magnetic fields of other planets. The magnetism of rocks forms the basis of palaeomagnetism, which explains how plate tectonics displaced the continents and produced oceanic magnetic anomalies whenever the geomagnetic field reversed polarity.

scholarly journals Sun-Earth System Interaction studies over Vietnam: an international cooperative project

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3313-3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amory-Mazaudier ◽  
M. Le Huy ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
V. Doumbia ◽  
A. Bourdillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Equatorial Electrojet ◽  
Magnetic Equator ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
North Vietnam

Abstract. During many past decades, scientists from various countries have studied separately the atmospheric motions in the lower atmosphere, in the Earth's magnetic field, in the magnetospheric currents, etc. All of these separate studies lead today to the global study of the Sun and Earth connections, and as a consequence, new scientific programs (IHY- International Heliophysical Year, CAWSES- Climate and Weather in the Sun-Earth System) are defined, in order to assume this new challenge. In the past, many scientists did not have the possibility to collect data at the same time in the various latitude and longitude sectors. Now, with the progress of geophysical sciences in many developing countries, it is possible to have access to worldwide data sets. This paper presents the particularities of geophysical parameters measured by the Vietnamese instrument networks. It introduces a cooperative Vietnamese-IGRGEA (International Geophysical Research Group Europe Africa) project, and presents, for the first time, to the international community, the geophysical context of Vietnam. Concerning the ionosphere: since 1963, during four solar cycles, the ionosonde at Phu Thuy (North Vietnam) was operating. The Phu Thuy data exhibits the common features for the ionospheric parameters, previously observed in other longitude and latitude sectors. The critical frequencies of the E, F1 and F2 ionospheric layers follow the variation of the sunspot cycle. F2 and E critical frequencies also exhibit an annual variation. The first maps of TEC made with data from GPS receivers recently installed in Vietnam illustrate the regional equatorial pattern, i.e. two maxima of electronic density at 15° N and 15° S from the magnetic equator and a trough of density at the magnetic equator. These features illustrate the equatorial fountain effect. Concerning the Earth's magnetic field: a strong amplitude of the equatorial electrojet was first observed by the CHAMP satellite at the height of 400 km in the Vietnamese longitude sector. In this paper we compare the ground magnetic observations of the Indian and Vietnamese magnetometer networks. This comparison highlights the regional structure of the amplitude of the equatorial electrojet, which is stronger in Vietnam than in India. Concerning the monsoon: Vietnam exhibits a strong monsoon and has mainly one rainy season peaking in August, hence associated with the southwest monsoon flow. But some monsoon variability from one place to another is related to the orography. In the mountainous northern regions of Vietnam, there is an "early" monsoon peaking in July. In the coastal regions between 12° N and 19° N the monsoon season is centered on October. Concerning lightning: Vietnam is a country of strong atmospheric storms with some areas of very intense lightning in North Vietnam (22,5° N, 105° E) and in South Vietnam (11° N, 107° E). In North Vietnam strong lightning is associated with the most intense rainy region.

scholarly journals Hyperbolic Medicine: General and Local Hyperbolic Curves on Earth, Influencing Human Physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús M. González-González
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Hyperbolic Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Internet Images ◽  
Lines Of Force

The objective of this work is to study the hyperbolic space-time curves that we perceive in our daily lives through images obtained in different geographical locations on Earth. A bibliographic review of scientific works has been made on hyperbolic curves in medicine, electromagnetic fields, circadian rhythms, and space-time perpendicular to the movement of an organ. On the internet, images in conical perspective have been selected, of cities located at different longitudes and latitudes within the geography of the Earth. They have tried to identify hyperbolic space-time curves. They have then been compared with the hyperbolic curves of the Earth’s magnetic field. Finally, we determine its relationship with the hyperbolic curves of human physiology. We have as conclusions: 1. Human vision is hyperbolic because the space in which we live is deformed by “general hyperbolic curves” that exist at any longitude and latitude of the earth’s geography. 2. The lines of force of the Earth’s magnetic field are hyperbolas that follow “local hyperbolic curves” since they can vary in intensity and even reverse their polarity over time. 3. In the physiology of the human body there are hyperbolic curves that are similar to the lines of force of a magnet and the magnetic field of the Earth. Human physiology can be conditioned by general hyperbolic curves and by local hyperbolic curves. There is an adaptation to that hyperbolic deformation of the space in which we live.

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