On the possibility of an intra-Earth source of Sq-variations of the Earth's magnetic field

<p>Analysis of the direction of motion of the vector of Sq-variations of the Earth's magnetic field, depending on the time of day and season of the year, shows that the observed Sq-variation is similar to the magnetic field created by a negatively charged spherical body moving in space. Transformations of the Sq-variation vector from the local coordinate system of the magnetic observatory to the ecliptic coordinate system are performed. A possible connection between the origin of the Sq-variation and the electric dipole moment of quartz molecules oriented towards the center of the Earth during the crystallization of the mineral and causing the electric and dipole magnetic fields of the Earth is considered. A scheme for conducting an experiment that allows us to separate the effects of extraterrestrial and extraterrestrial sources of Sq-variations is proposed.</p>

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CITY IMAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHARKIV)

Aim of the study – to determine the psychological specific features of the city image among the respondents depending on the age and experience of living in a city. Research Methods and Sample. The study of the city image has been carried out through the semantic differential to assess the perception of the city image «City in the perception of the residents» (O. E. Pronina, N. S. Goncharova, 2016). Scale to assess the degree of compliance of an ideal city image and the city of residence of personality by O. S. Shemelina and O. E. Tsigankova (2016) was used to determine the difference between the image of the ideal city and the city of Kharkiv. The respondents were originally asked to assess the image of an ideal city and then the image of Kharkiv on two separate forms. It was further analyzed the differences in evaluation of descriptors subject to the variation vector of the real image of a city and the ideal one. Results. In contrast to the older age group, students characterize the city image of Kharkiv to a greater extent through such descriptors as «womanly», «dirty», «boring», «ugly», «monotonous», «dull-witted», while mature respondents more frequently estimate it as «manly», «clean», «interesting», «beautiful», «motley», «witty». Conclusions. The experience of living in the hometown has a positive effect on the assessment of its image since the residents of Kharkiv describe it as more positive compared to visitors. In addition the residents’ city image coincides with the image of an ideal city by a larger number of parameters. The city image within the students generally is more critical and distant from the ideal compared to older respondents. The cumulative effect of the respondents’ age and their territorial belonging, that determines the experience of living in the city, reflects on the indicators of its friendship, warmth, beauty, naturalness, humanity and inspiring effect. The city image among the visiting students has negative descriptors as the dominant - aggressive, cold, ugly, artificial, officious and suppressing.

Metastability of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Modes

This study applies a finite-element, bounded-variation, vector autoregressive method to assess midtropospheric flow regimes characterized by regime switches between metastable states. The flow is assessed in reanalysis data from three different reanalysis sets assimilating surface data only; surface and upper-air data; and ocean, surface, and upper-air data. Results are generally consistent across the reanalyses and confirm the utility of surface-only reanalyses for capturing midtropospheric variability. The method is applied to a set of regional domains in the Northern Hemisphere and for the full-hemispheric domain. Composites of the metastable states for each region yield structures that are consistent with the well-documented teleconnection modes: the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific–North America pattern (PNA) in the Pacific Ocean, and Scandinavian blocking over Eurasia. The PNA mode includes a clear waveguide structure in midlatitudes. The Northern Hemisphere domain yields a state composite that reflects aspects of an annular mode (Arctic Oscillation), where the annular component in midlatitudes comprises a circumglobal waveguide. The Northern Hemisphere waveguide is characterized by wavenumber 5. Some of the nodes in this circumglobal waveguide manifest as part of regional dipole structures like the PNA. This situation contrasts with the Southern Hemisphere, where the circumglobal waveguide exhibits wavenumbers 3 and 5 and is monopolar. For each of the regions and modes examined, the annual time series of residence percent in each state displays prominent decadal variability and provides a clear means of identifying regimes of the major teleconnection modes.

Natural Lagrangian systems without conjugate points

The variation vector fields through extremals of the variational principles of natural Lagrangian functions satisfy the equation of Jacobi type. By making use of the Jacobi equation we obtain the estimates of measure-theoretic entropy for natural Lagrangian systems without conjugate points.

Conformal variation of a hypersurface of constant mean curvature in an einstein space

Let a compact orientable manifold be immersed as a hypersurface of constant mean curvature in an Einstein space. It is shown that the immersion is totally umbilical if and only if there exists a conformal variation of the immersion whose variation vector is nowhere tangential to the hypersurface.

ATMOSPHERIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE COSMIC-RAY MESON INTENSITY AT DEEP RIVER

We have established the correlation between the atmospheric temperature contribution to the diurnal variation observed by a meson monitor at Deep River and the diurnal variation of two easily and continuously observable atmospheric variables, the ground-level air temperature and the barometric pressure. The atmospheric meson diurnal variation vector is taken to be, on a statistical basis, A = M−RN, where M and N represent the observed meson-monitor and neutron-monitor diurnal variations and R is the factor of proportionality between the meson and neutron monitor responses to the primary anisotropy. It is found that A is proportional in amplitude to T, the ground-level temperature diurnal variation, and, further, that T and the barometric-pressure diurnal variation P are proportional in amplitude. The "best-fit" representation of A in terms of T and P is determined by minimizing the mean-square deviation between the daily vectors RN and (M−A). Where A = CtT + CpP, the best fit occurs when Ct = −0.0052%/ °C, Cp = 0.038%/mb, R = 0.47, and the phase of T is shifted by + 1.0 hour. These values apply to Deep River, where the original hourly meson data have been barometer-corrected using a coefficient of 0.16%/mb.