A 486 µW All-Digital Bluetooth Low Energy Transmitter with Ring Oscillator Based ADPLL for IoT applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Jacob Breiholz ◽  
Farah Yahya ◽  
Christopher Lukas ◽  
Hun-Seok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Iot Applications

Bluetooth Low-Energy-Based Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Smita Sanjay Ambarkar ◽  
Rakhi Dattatraya Akhare
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Proximity Detection ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This chapter focuses on the comprehensive contents of various applications and principles related to Bluetooth low energy (BLE). The internet of things (IoT) applications like indoor localization, proximity detection problem by using Bluetooth low energy, and enhancing the sales in the commercial market by using BLE have the same database requirement and common implementation idea. The real-world applications are complex and require intensive computation. These computations should take less time, cost, and battery power. The chapter mainly focuses on the usage of BLE beacons for indoor localization. The motive behind the study of BLE devices is that it is supported by mobile smart devices that augment its application exponentially.

scholarly journals Efficient Communication Scheme for Bluetooth Low Energy in Large Scale Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6371
Author(s):  
Maciej Nikodem ◽  
Mariusz Slabicki ◽  
Marek Bawiec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Communication Scheme ◽  
Improve Device ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The use of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications has become widespread and popular. This has resulted in the increased number of deployed BLE devices. To ensure energy efficiency, applications use connectionless communication where nodes broadcast information using advertisement messages. As the BLE devices compete for access to spectrum, collisions are inevitable and methods that improve device coexistence are required. This paper proposes a connectionless communication scheme for BLE that improves communication efficiency in IoT applications where a large number of BLE nodes operate in the same area and communicate simultaneously to a central server. The proposed scheme is based on an active scanning mode and is compared with a typical application where passive scanning mode is used. The evaluation is based on numerical simulations and real-life evaluation of a network containing 150 devices. The presented scheme significantly reduces the number of messages transmitted by each node and decreases packet loss ratio. It also improves the energy efficiency and preserves the battery of BLE nodes as they transmit fewer radio messages and effectively spent less time actively communicating. The proposed connectionless BLE communication scheme can be applied to a large variety of IoT applications improving their performance and coexistence with other devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Additionally, the implementation complexity and costs of the proposed communication scheme are negligible.

scholarly journals Analysis and Design of an Ultra-Low-Power Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter With Ring Oscillator-Based ADPLL and 4$\times$ Frequency Edge Combiner

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Chen ◽  
Jacob Breiholz ◽  
Farah B. Yahya ◽  
Christopher J. Lukas ◽  
Hun-Seok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Ring Oscillator ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Analysis And Design

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Advertisement-Based Bluetooth Low Energy Communication

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Nikodem ◽  
Marek Bawiec
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the efficiency of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication in a network composed of a large number of tags that transmit information to a single hub using advertisement mode. Theoretical results show that the use of advertisements enables hundreds and thousands of BLE devices to coexist in the same area and at the same time effectively transmit messages. Together with other properties (low power consumption, medium communication range, capability to detect a signal’s angle-of-arrival, etc.), this makes BLE a competing technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, as the number of communicating devices increases, the advertisement collision intensifies and the communication performance of BLE drops. This phenomena was so far analyzed theoretically, in simulations and in small-scale experiments, but large-scale experiments are not presented in the literature. This paper complements previous results and presents an experimental evaluation of a real IoT-use case, which is the deployment of over 200 tags communicating using advertisements. We evaluate the impact of the number of advertisements on the effective data reception rate and throughput. Despite the advertisement collision rate in our experiment varying between 0.22 and 0.33, we show that BLE, thanks to the multiple transmission of advertisements, can still ensure acceptable data reception rates and fulfill the requirements of a wide range of IoT applications.

scholarly journals RSSI Filtering Methods Applied to Localization using Bluetooth Low Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Histogram Method ◽  
Comparative Result ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Result Analysis

Bluetooth Low Energy or BLE is a technology targeting mostly small-scale IoT applications including wearables and broadcasting beacons that require devices to send small amounts of data using minimal power. This paper focuses on our implementation, which is a system, designed to filter RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), calculate the co-ordinates of a BLE device that is programmed as a Beacon and display the coordinates. Since RSSI is susceptible to noise and a downgrade in its reliability is unavoidable, several filtration methods have been used. The ‘Kalman – Histogram’ method, which incorporates the usage of a histogram of the RSSI readings along with the Kalman filter, is our own approach to tackle issues regarding noisy RSSI readings. The localization of stationary ‘Assets’, has been evaluated using the Trilateration algorithm: a result in mathematics which is used to locate a single point using its distance from three or more other points. The purpose of this research work is to provide a comparative result analysis of the results obtained using the aforementioned filters, indicating the effect of these filters on our localization system. As our research suggests, the ‘Kalman – Histogram’ filter performs better as compared to other filters and can be used in localization applications for better accuracy.

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