Comment: Random Distance Method for Generating Unimodal and Multimodal Cancelable Biometric Features

Soil properties are very crucial for civil engineers to differentiate one type of soil from another and to predict its mechanical behavior. However, it is not practical to measure soil properties at all the locations at a site. In this paper, an estimator is derived to estimate the unknown values for soil properties from locations where soil samples were not collected. The estimator is obtained by combining the concept of the ‘Inverse Distance Method’ into the technique of ‘Kriging’. The method of Lagrange Multipliers is applied in this paper. It is shown that the estimator derived in this paper is an unbiased estimator. The partiality of the estimator with respect to the true value is zero. Hence, the estimated value will be equal to the true value of the soil property. It is also shown that the variance between the estimator and the soil property is minimised. Hence, the distribution of this unbiased estimator with minimum variance spreads the least from the true value. With this characteristic of minimum variance unbiased estimator, a high accuracy estimation of soil property could be obtained.

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Applying analytical procedures for performance audit of customs authorities

Economic Analysis Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/ea.19.6.1035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1035-1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.V. Pankova ◽

V.V. Popov

Keyword(s):

Distance Method ◽

Scientific Methods ◽

Scientific Hypothesis ◽

Financial Audit ◽

Promising Area ◽

History Of ◽

Performance Audit ◽

Analytical Procedures ◽

And Performance ◽

Customs Administration

Subject. The article considers the development of a set of methods and indicators of economic analysis, which can be used for performance audit of customs authorities, using the Volga Customs Administration case. Objectives. The aim is to justify the use of analytical procedures to rank the effectiveness of customs payments for the purpose of performance audit of customs authorities. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research, i.e. dialectical and monographic methods, logical analysis, comparison, as well as the Euclidean distance method. Results. We reviewed works by Russian and foreign scholars on the history of customs audit development and internal financial control of customs authorities, gave scientific credence to attributing the system of customs payment and performance to the indicators of economic activity of customs authorities. Due to the lack of methods for assessing the performance of customs authorities, the use of analytical procedures during the performance audit seems to be a promising area. Conclusions. When verifying the scientific hypothesis put forward in the study, we established that the introduction and development of the ranking system for the performance of customs authorities related to the collection of customs duties can contribute to effective financial audit of customs authorities in general.

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Suffix array for multi-pattern matching with variable length wildcards

Intelligent Data Analysis ◽

10.3233/ida-205087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 283-303

Author(s):

Na Liu ◽

Fei Xie ◽

Xindong Wu

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Programming ◽

Data Structure ◽

Pattern Matching ◽

Edit Distance ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Suffix Array ◽

Variable Length ◽

Distance Method ◽

Efficient Data ◽

Comparison Algorithms

Approximate multi-pattern matching is an important issue that is widely and frequently utilized, when the pattern contains variable-length wildcards. In this paper, two suffix array-based algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. Suffix array is an efficient data structure for exact string matching in existing studies, as well as for approximate pattern matching and multi-pattern matching. An algorithm called MMSA-S is for the short exact characters in a pattern by dynamic programming, while another algorithm called MMSA-L deals with the long exact characters by the edit distance method. Experimental results of Pizza & Chili corpus demonstrate that these two newly proposed algorithms, in most cases, are more time-efficient than the state-of-the-art comparison algorithms.

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Human Rights in the Least Developed Countries of Asia: An Index for Quantifying Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4747

Author(s):

Karen G. Añaños Bedriñana ◽

José Antonio Rodríguez Martín ◽

Fanny T. Añaños

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Good Health ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Sustainable Development Goal ◽

Distance Method ◽

Development Goal ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

The Impact

This paper aims to measure disparities among the variables associated with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 defined by the United Nations (UN) in the least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia. In the terms of the UN Conference on Trade and Development, LDCs are countries with profound economic and social inequalities. The indicator was constructed using a set of variables associated with SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing. Applying Pena’s DP2 distance method to the most recent data available (2018) enables regional ordering of Asia’s LDCs based on the values of these variables. The index integrates socioeconomic variables that permit examination of the impact of each individual indicator to determine territorial disparities in terms of the partial indicators of SDG3. “Maternal education,” “Proportion of women who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use, and reproductive health care,” and “Gender parity index in primary education” are the most important variables in explaining spatial disparities in good health and wellbeing in the LDCs of Asia.

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Endangered Uyghur Medicinal PlantFerulaIdentification through the Second Internal Transcribed Spacer

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/479879 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Congzhao Fan ◽

Xiaojin Li ◽

Jun Zhu ◽

Jingyuan Song ◽

Hui Yao

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Related Species ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Its2 Sequence ◽

Sequence Length ◽

Local Alignment ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Distance Method ◽

Closely Related Species

The medicinal plantFerulahas been widely used in Asian medicine, especially in Uyghur medicine in Xinjiang, China. Given that various substitutes and closely related species have similar morphological characteristics,Ferulais difficult to distinguish based on morphology alone, thereby causing confusion and threatening the safe use ofFerula. In this study, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences were analyzed and assessed for the accurate identification of two salableFerulaspecies (Ferula sinkiangensisandFerula fukangensis) and eight substitutes or closely related species. Results showed that the sequence length of ITS2 ranged from 451 bp to 45 bp, whereas guanine and cytosine contents (GC) were from 53.6% to 56.2%. A total of 77 variation sites were detected, including 63 base mutations and 14 insertion/deletion mutations. The ITS2 sequence correctly identified 100% of the samples at the species level using the basic local alignment search tool 1 and nearest-distance method. Furthermore, neighbor-joining tree successfully identified the genuine plantsF. sinkiangensisandF. fukangensisfrom their succedaneum and closely related species. These results indicated that ITS2 sequence could be used as a valuable barcode to distinguish Uyghur medicineFerulafrom counterfeits and closely related species. This study may broaden DNA barcoding application in the Uyghur medicinal plant field.

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