Indirect Measurement of Arterial Pressure by Means of Heart Rate Variability Signals

The sensitivity of baroreflex control of heart rate is depressed in subjects with obesity hypertension, which increases the risk for cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms are not fully known, and there are no therapies to improve this dysfunction. To determine the cardiovascular dynamic effects of progressive increases in body weight leading to obesity and hypertension in dogs fed a high-fat diet, 24-h continuous recordings of spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Furthermore, we investigated whether autonomic mechanisms stimulated by chronic baroreflex activation and renal denervation—current therapies in patients with resistant hypertension, who are commonly obese—restore cardiovascular dynamic control. Increases in body weight to ∼150% of control led to a gradual increase in mean arterial pressure to 17 ± 3 mmHg above control (100 ± 2 mmHg) after 4 wk on the high-fat diet. In contrast to the gradual increase in arterial pressure, tachycardia, attenuated chronotropic baroreflex responses, and reduced heart rate variability were manifest within 1–4 days on high-fat intake, reaching 130 ± 4 beats per minute (bpm) (control = 86 ± 3 bpm) and ∼45% and <20%, respectively, of control levels. Subsequently, both baroreflex activation and renal denervation abolished the hypertension. However, only baroreflex activation effectively attenuated the tachycardia and restored cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability. These findings suggest that baroreflex activation therapy may reduce the risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias as well as lower arterial pressure.

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VARIABILITY OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE AT SHORT-TERM TIME INTERVALS

Issues of radio electronics ◽

10.21778/2218-5453-2019-1-72-77 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

S. M. Zakharov

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Real Time ◽

Time Interval ◽

Short Term ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Short Time

The time and spectral analysis of blood pressure signals (BP of systolic, diastolic, pulse) obtained in real time and reflecting the work of the heart at short time intervals is presented. As a time interval, a sequence of one hundred cardiac cycles was chosen. The main parameters of variability are determined. The proposed method of analysis is an analogue of heart rate variability (HRV), based on the study of RR cardiointervals. Spectral analysis of blood pressure signals shows differences in the degree of orderliness or disorder of individual frequencies or the spectrum as a whole. The presented methodology will allow to reveal further features for use in the diagnosis of various pathologies.

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Autonomic modulation of arterial pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive diabetic rats

Clinics ◽

10.1590/s1807-59322007000400015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 477-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Vera de Moura Azevedo Farah ◽

Kátia De Angelis ◽

Luis Fernando Joaquim ◽

Georgia O. Candido ◽

Nathalia Bernardes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Autonomic Modulation

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Aerobic training normalizes autonomic dysfunction, HMGB1 content, microglia activation and inflammation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of SHR

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00349.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (7) ◽

pp. H1115-H1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Gustavo Santos Masson ◽

Anand R. Nair ◽

Pedro Paulo Silva Soares ◽

Lisete Compagno Michelini ◽

Joseph Francis

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Microglia Activation

Exercise training (ExT) is recommended to treat hypertension along with pharmaceutical antihypertensive therapies. Effects of ExT in hypothalamic content of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1) and microglial activation remain unknown. We examined whether ExT would decrease autonomic and cardiovascular abnormalities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and whether these effects were associated with decreased HMGB1 content, microglial activation, and inflammation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR underwent moderate-intensity ExT for 2 wk. After ExT, cardiovascular (heart rate and arterial pressure) and autonomic parameters (arterial pressure and heart rate variability, peripheral sympathetic activity, cardiac vagal activity, and baroreflex function) were measured in conscious and freely-moving rats through chronic arterial and venous catheterization. Cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain were collected for molecular and immunohistochemistry analyses of the PVN. In addition to reduced heart rate variability, decreased vagal cardiac activity and increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial pressure variability, cardiac, and vasomotor sympathetic activity, SHR had higher HMGB1 protein expression, IκB-α phosphorylation, TNF-α and IL-6 protein expression, and microglia activation in the PVN. These changes were accompanied by higher plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of HMGB1. The ExT + SHR group had decreased expression of HMGB1, CXCR4, SDF-1, and phosphorylation of p42/44 and IκB-α. ExT reduced microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines content in the PVN, and improved autonomic control as well. Data suggest that training-induced downregulation of activated HMGB1/CXCR4/microglia/proinflammatory cytokines axis in the PVN of SHR is a prompt neural adaptation to counterbalance the deleterious effects of inflammation on autonomic control.

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Contribution of Nitric Oxide to Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Rats Submitted to High-Sodium Intake

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hy0901.091179 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silvia Lacchini ◽

Elton L. Ferlin ◽

Ruy S. Moraes ◽

Jorge P. Ribeiro ◽

Maria Claudia Irigoyen

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

High Sodium ◽

High Sodium Intake

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Acute effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.4.1755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Rabia Latif ◽

Farrukh Majeed ◽

Ahmed AlSunni ◽

Rahmah ALamrie ◽

Shaykhah Al Naimi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Mean Arterial Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Sympathetic Activity ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Drinking Period ◽

Minute Post

Objective: There is a lack of studies exploring the effects of Zamzam water on human physiology. The present study determined the effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: This comparative interventional study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, of our university in March 2018. A total number of 97 female subjects drank 500 ml of either Zamzam water or mineral water in one minute. Finometer Pro and PowerLab (ADInstrumentsR) with ECG electrodes through bioamplifier and attached finger pulse transducer were used to collect data at the baseline (for five minutes), during (for one minute) and after the drink (for five minutes). Paired and uunpaired student’s t-test, one-way ANCOVA and one-way repeated measure ANOVA were used for analysis. Blood pressure parameters were followed minute by minute and HRV parameters were compared as a 5-minute of baseline segment to 5-minute post drink segment. Results: Within-the-group comparison exhibited significant increases in blood pressure parameters (systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure), over a 5-minute post-drinking period in both groups. Zamzam water caused a significant increase in SDRR (an indication of overall HRV) and RMSSD (an indication of vagal activity) as compared to baseline. Conclusion: Both drinks cause a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure within five minutes post-drinking period. Zamzam water produce a significant increase in cardiac vagal tone but has no effect on cardiac sympathetic activity. Mineral water has no significant effect on both, cardiac vagal and sympathetic activity. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1755 How to cite this:Latif R, Majeed F, Al-Sunni A, ALamrie RMK, AlNaimi SN. Acute effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1755 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of Diltiazem on Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Patients With Vasospastic Angina as Assessed by Spectral Analysis of Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate Variability

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00892-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fumiyasu Yamasaki ◽

Takayuki Sato ◽

Kazuhiko Sugimoto ◽

Jun Takata ◽

Taishiro Chikamori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Vasospastic Angina ◽

Sympathetic Hyperactivity

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Effect of Sustained Isometric and Isotonic Exercises on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability – A Comparative Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47b33204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 908-915

Author(s):

S. Sneha Harshini ◽

G. Sridevi ◽

S. Preetha

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Mean Arterial Pressure ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

The Body ◽

Constant Weight

Introduction: Isometric exercises are contractions of a particular muscle which doesn’t noticeably change length and the affected joint doesn’t move [1]. Isotonic exercises involve contracting muscle shortens against a constant weight, as when lifting as weight [2,3]. These two different types of exercise have profound changes in the body affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems [4]. Studies comparing the effectiveness of isotonic and isometric exercises on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were scanty [5]. Objective: The present study planned to investigate and compare the efficacy of isometric as well as isotonic exercises on changes in blood pressure, heart rate and HRV. Materials and methods: 10 normal healthy subjects in the age group 17-20 years of both genders participated in the study. All the subjects were assessed under three different conditions: Resting state, After isotonic exercises (20 repetitions of straight leg raise) and After isometric exercises 2 mins of sustained abdominal exercises). After each procedure, blood pressure and heart rate variability were calculated. Results: Isometric exercises cause reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure while pulse rate increases significantly. Isotonic exercises increase the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure significantly. The result is statistically significant with p<0.050. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded an innovative finding that isometric exercise causes profound decline in blood pressure and increased heart rate variability thus showing a negative impact on cardiovascular health. So it can be concluded that isotonic exercise improves the circulation and supports the cardiovascular system and strengthens the muscle, improves bone density and boosts cardiac function

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