Acute effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability

Objective: There is a lack of studies exploring the effects of Zamzam water on human physiology. The present study determined the effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: This comparative interventional study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, of our university in March 2018. A total number of 97 female subjects drank 500 ml of either Zamzam water or mineral water in one minute. Finometer Pro and PowerLab (ADInstrumentsR) with ECG electrodes through bioamplifier and attached finger pulse transducer were used to collect data at the baseline (for five minutes), during (for one minute) and after the drink (for five minutes). Paired and uunpaired student’s t-test, one-way ANCOVA and one-way repeated measure ANOVA were used for analysis. Blood pressure parameters were followed minute by minute and HRV parameters were compared as a 5-minute of baseline segment to 5-minute post drink segment. Results: Within-the-group comparison exhibited significant increases in blood pressure parameters (systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure), over a 5-minute post-drinking period in both groups. Zamzam water caused a significant increase in SDRR (an indication of overall HRV) and RMSSD (an indication of vagal activity) as compared to baseline. Conclusion: Both drinks cause a significant increase in systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure within five minutes post-drinking period. Zamzam water produce a significant increase in cardiac vagal tone but has no effect on cardiac sympathetic activity. Mineral water has no significant effect on both, cardiac vagal and sympathetic activity. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1755 How to cite this:Latif R, Majeed F, Al-Sunni A, ALamrie RMK, AlNaimi SN. Acute effects of Zamzam water on blood pressure and heart rate variability. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1755 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract 3785: Red Wine Consumption Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Endothelial Function in Obese Type II Diabetics

Objective: Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with decreased levels of circulating progenitor cells (CPC). The aim of this study was to determine whether the moderate consumption of red wine leads to an increase of CPCs. Methods: CD34 positive and CD133/CD34 as well as CD117/CD34 double positive cells were measured by FACS analysis in peripheral blood of 15 obese patients suffering from type II diabetes with stable oral drug treatment (67.3 ± 2.3 years, BMI 32.3 ± 0.5 kg/ m 2 ) prior to and after a six week period of drinking two units (300 ml) of red wine (Lemberger Classic, Württemberg, Germany). The drinking period was anticipated by a four week fasting period, in which no alcohol consumption was allowed at all. In addition, brachial artery flow mediated dilatation was determined prior to and after the drinking period. Results: The six week drinking period had no effect on BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, HbA1c-values and liver enzymes. There was a non-significant drop in LDL cholesterol, but no change in HDL cholesterol. Concerning CPCs, the following alterations were observed: CD34+ cells increased from 171 ± 22 to 354 ± 28 per million leucocytes. Within the CD34+ cells, the percentage of CD133+ cells increased from 30.8 ± 5.7 % to 53.1 ± 3.3 %, and the percentage of CD117+ cells increased from 38.1 ± 5.8 % to 57.5 ± 4.6 % (p<0.05 for all parameters). Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation increased from 5.57 ± 0.74 % to 11.13 ± 1.34 % (p<0.05) in response to six weeks of red wine consumption. Nitroglycerin mediated brachial artery dilatation increased from 7.45 ± 1.09 % to 11.31 ± 1.09 % (p<0.05). Conclusion: In obese patients suffering from type II diabetes, moderate consumption of red wine leads to a significant improvement of circulating progenitor cell count and endothelial function. No adverse effects of wine consumption on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters were observed.

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits fluid intake in hyperosmolar subjects

1. The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on osmotically stimulated thirst appreciation and consequent fluid intake was investigated in healthy man. 2. Six seated male subjects were studied on two occasions: synthetic α-human atrial natriuretic peptide (99–126) (2 pmol min−1kg−1) or placebo (saline, 150 mmol/l NaCl) was infused intravenously for 105 min; 30 min after the start of atrial natriuretic peptide/placebo infusion, hypertonic saline (855 mmol/l NaCl) was infused (0.06 ml min−1 kg−1) for 60 min. Subjects were then allowed free access to water for the next 2 h; infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide/ placebo continued for the first 15 min of the drinking period. 3. The plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration did not alter significantly during infusion of hypertonic saline and placebo; it rose to a steady state of 12.7 ± 1.1 pmol/l (mean ± SEM) during the infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide and hypertonic saline, and remained at this level during the first 15 min of the drinking period. During infusion of hypertonic saline and atrial natriuretic peptide or placebo, similar increases in plasma osmolality (P < 0.001) and plasma vasopressin concentration (P < 0.005) occurred. During infusion of hypertonic saline and atrial natriuretic peptide or placebo, thirst increased significantly over the time course of both studies (P<0.01), but the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide infusion compared with placebo infusion was to significantly decrease thirst at 60 min. 4. Drinking rapidly abolished thirst and vasopressin secretion before changes in plasma osmolality occurred. Subjects drank significantly less water after atrial natriuretic peptide infusion compared with after placebo infusion (P<0.01). 5. In conclusion, physiological increases in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations blunt osmotically stimulated thirst appreciation and attenuate subsequent fluid intake in hyperosmolar man.

Effect of Alcohol on Short Term Memory in Alcoholics

Acute alcohol intoxication is commonly followed by partial or total amnesia† for events occurring during the drinking period (Goodwin et al., 1969a). Individuals observed during the ‘blackout’ period have been noted to have a specific short term memory deficit, with remote and immediate memory largely intact (Ryback, 1970; Goodwin et al., 1970; Tamerin et al., 1971). The amnesia appears to be anterograde rather than retrograde, resembling the characteristic memory deficit in Korsakov's syndrome. Speculation has ensued that blackouts and Korsakov's syndrome may share common pathophysiological elements, though there is no direct evidence for this (Goodwin et al., 1969b).

Effect of Environmental Change and Electric Shock on Water Consumption in the Rat

The normal range of water consumption in 1 hr. after 23 hr. of deprivation was derermined for 45 naive female albino rats. Fifteen control Ss remained on 23-hr. deprivation undisturbed in the home cage. Thirty Ss were placed in a grill box without shock for 15 min. per day for five days just prior to the drinking period in the home cage. This procedure significantly depressed drinking for one day. Fifteen of these 30 Ss then received 0.09 ma. of shock in the grill box 15 min. per day for 10 days. The other 15 received 2.5 ma. The high shock level facilitated drinking in the home cage for one day but response returned to normal on subsequent days. The relevance of these results for arousal theory and the effect of novel situations was discussed.