Molecular identification of seed‐feeding flies dissected from herbarium specimens clarifies the 100‐year history of parasitism by Japanagromyza tokunagai in Japan

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses some correspondence between Robert Schomburgk (1804–1865) and Adolphe Brongniart (1801–1876). Four letters survive, containing information about the history of Schomburgk's collection of fishes and plants from British Guiana, and his herbarium specimens from Dominican Republic and southeast Asia. A study of these letters has enabled us to confirm that Schomburgk supplied the collection of fishes from Guiana now in the Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The letters of the German naturalist are an interesting source of information concerning the practice of sale and exchange of natural history collections in the nineteenth century in return for honours.

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An integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11336

Author(s):

Modesto Luceño ◽

Tamara Villaverde ◽

José Ignacio Márquez-Corro ◽

Rogelio Sánchez-Villegas ◽

Enrique Maguilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plastid Dna ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Distinct Genus ◽

Biogeographic Region ◽

Center Of Diversity ◽

History Of ◽

Nomen Novum ◽

First Time

Carex section Schoenoxiphium (Cariceae, Cyperaceae) is endemic to the Afrotropical biogeographic region and is mainly distributed in southern and eastern Africa, with its center of diversity in eastern South Africa. The taxon was formerly recognized as a distinct genus and has a long history of taxonomic controversy. It has also an important morphological and molecular background in particular dealing with the complexity of its inflorescence and the phylogenetic relationships of its species. We here present a fully updated and integrative monograph of Carex section Schoenoxiphium based on morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data. A total of 1,017 herbarium specimens were examined and the majority of the species were studied in the field. Previous molecular phylogenies based on Sanger-sequencing of four nuclear and plastid DNA regions and RAD-seq were expanded. For the first time, chromosome numbers were obtained, with cytogenetic counts on 44 populations from 15 species and one hybrid. Our taxonomic treatment recognizes 21 species, one of them herein newly described (C. gordon-grayae). Our results agree with previous molecular works that have found five main lineages in Schoenoxiphium. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, distribution maps and analytical drawings of all accepted species in section Schoenoxiphium, an identification key, and a thorough nomenclatural survey including 19 new typifications and one nomen novum.

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An Unusual Case of Gastric Gnathostomiasis Caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum Confirmed by Video Gastroscopy and Morphological and Molecular Identification

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kookwan Sawadpanich ◽

Nitiwat Chansuk ◽

Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew ◽

Lakkhana Sadaow ◽

Rutchanee Rodpai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Its2 Region ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Gnathostoma Spinigerum ◽

History Of

Human gnathostomiasis is a harmful foodborne parasitic infection caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma. Here, we report an unusual case of gastric gnathostomiasis seen in a hospital in Thailand along with the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome. A 39-year-old man presented with complaints of epigastric pain, dizziness, and history of passing dark, tarry stools for 2 days. The patient had a history of consuming raw freshwater fish. Supplementary differential diagnosis was performed via rapid serological testing, and presence of the causative agent was confirmed based on video gastroscopy, morphology of the removed parasite, and molecular identification. After its surgical removal from the stomach, the parasite was morphologically identified as Gnathostoma species. Molecular identification was performed via DNA extraction from the recovered worm, and amplification and sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The ITS2 and cox1 sequences were consistent with those of Gnathostoma spinigerum. Clinicians in endemic areas should therefore be aware of the rare clinical manifestations and use of supplementary serological tests to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of gastric gnathostomiasis.

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Fossil evidence from South America for the diversification of Cunoniaceae by the earliest Palaeocene

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcaa154 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathan A Jud ◽

Maria A Gandolfo

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Crown Group ◽

Long Distance ◽

Fossil Species ◽

Extinct Species ◽

Argentine Patagonia ◽

History Of ◽

Salamanca Formation

Abstract Background and Aims Cunoniaceae are woody plants with a distribution that suggests a complex history of Gondwanan vicariance, long-distance dispersal, diversification and extinction. Only four out of ~27 genera in Cunoniaceae are native to South America today, but the discovery of extinct species from Argentine Patagonia is providing new information about the history of this family in South America. Methods We describe fossil flowers collected from early Danian (early Palaeocene, ~64 Mya) deposits of the Salamanca Formation. We compare them with similar flowers from extant and extinct species using published literature and herbarium specimens. We used simultaneous analysis of morphology and available chloroplast DNA sequences (trnL–F, rbcL, matK, trnH–psbA) to determine the probable relationship of these fossils to living Cunoniaceae and the co-occurring fossil species Lacinipetalum spectabilum. Key Results Cunoniantha bicarpellata gen. et sp. nov. is the second species of Cunoniaceae to be recognized among the flowers preserved in the Salamanca Formation. Cunoniantha flowers are pentamerous and complete, the anthers contain in situ pollen, and the gynoecium is bicarpellate and syncarpous with two free styles. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Cunoniantha belongs to crown-group Cunoniaceae among the core Cunoniaceae clade, although it does not have obvious affinity with any tribe. Lacinipetalum spectabilum, also from the Salamanca Formation, belongs to the Cunoniaceae crown group as well, but close to tribe Schizomerieae. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of West Gondwana in the evolution of Cunoniaceae during the early Palaeogene. The co-occurrence of C. bicarpellata and L. spectabilum, belonging to different clades within Cunoniaceae, indicates that the diversification of crown-group Cunoniaceae was under way by 64 Mya.

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Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 317 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

LILÍ MARTÍNEZ-DOMÍNGUEZ ◽

FERNANDO NICOLALDE-MOREJÓN ◽

DENNIS WM. STEVENSON

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Population Level ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Leaf Emergence ◽

Taxonomic History ◽

History Of ◽

A New Species

Several Ceratozamia populations from the “Carso Huasteco” region in Mexico have a controversial circumscription and have been historically identified as Ceratozamia fuscoviridis. In this paper, we present a review of the taxonomic history of this species and provide taxa circumscriptions based on analyses of herbarium specimens from this region and supplemented with fieldwork. For this, we have studied qualitative and quantitative morphological variation at population level. We recognize two species in this group: C. fuscoviridis and a new species, C. chamberlainii. Here, we provide two lines of qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence showing that plants of C. chamberlainii from southern San Luis Potosí to northern Hidalgo are distinct from C. fuscoviridis of central Hidalgo east of Veracruz. These species can be identified by leaflet form, leaf emergence color, color of the ovulate strobilus, and form of the megasporophyll, along with a combination of quantitative morphological characters.

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Invasion history of Cardamine hirsuta in Japan inferred from genetic analyses of herbarium specimens and current populations

Biological Invasions ◽

10.1007/s10530-016-1139-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1939-1951 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saeko Matsuhashi ◽

Hiroshi Kudoh ◽

Masayuki Maki ◽

Maria Cartolano ◽

Miltos Tsiantis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Invasion History ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

History Of

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Natural history of neotropical Ericaceae, 1

Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas ◽

10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 377-392

Author(s):

James L. Luteyn ◽

Daniel Mauricio Díaz-Rueda

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Second Step ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Colombian Andes ◽

History Of ◽

Species Descriptions

Gonocalyx pulcher (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae) has been rediscovered in the northeastern Colombian Andes after a lapse of over 135 years. Recent collections herein reported represent the only collections made since the type gathering by Schlim in 1851. The history of collections, cultivation, taxonomy, and nomenclature is re-viewed. Generic and species descriptions for G. pulcher are updated and photographic illustrations are provided. The vegetation in which G. pulcher occurs, a list of its commonly associated Ericaceae, and its conservation status are briefly described. A new second-step lectotypification is made and the associated type herbarium specimens are illustrated. A key to all 11 species of Gonocalyx is provided.

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Two new species of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) with entire leaves from Panama and Costa Rica

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 334 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ALEJANDRO ZULUAGA ◽

KENNETH M. CAMERON

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Central America ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Two New Species ◽

History Of ◽

Herbarium Collections

The genus Monstera (Araceae) has a history of problematic taxonomy due to the large number of existing names, their incorrect application, and prevalence of incomplete herbarium specimens. Recent field exploration and study of herbarium collections has led to the discovery of several new species of Monstera, especially in Central America. Here we describe Monstera anomala and M. integrifolia, two new species from Panama and Costa Rica with entire, non-fenestrate mature leaves.

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Corrosive sublimate and its introduction as an insecticide for preserving natural history specimens in the eighteenth century

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2021.0686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 22-41

Author(s):

Stanislav Strekopytov

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Natural History ◽

Mercuric Chloride ◽

Corrosive Sublimate ◽

Cimex Lectularius ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Natural History Collections ◽

History Of

By the mid-eighteenth century, the need to protect zoological and botanical collections from attacks of insects became pressing for the community of naturalists. Living ornamental and economically important plants and their seeds also needed to be protected from insects when transported by sail. John Ellis ( c.1710–1776), one of the pioneers of plant transportation, was instrumental in disseminating the knowledge of insecticidal properties of corrosive sublimate (mercury(II) chloride or mercuric chloride, HgCl2). Although the use of corrosive sublimate for the protection of zoological collections had been proposed by John Woodward (1665–1728) in 1696, it was probably not widely used by naturalists until Ellis had published his Directions for bringing over seeds in 1770, recommending this substance for the protection of living plants, seeds and specimens during transport. Ellis possibly learned about the insecticidal properties of corrosive sublimate from the emerging use of this compound to control bedbugs ( Cimex lectularius). The history of bedbug management in eighteenth-century London, and some early exterminators, including John Southall ( fl.1726–1738), George Bridges ( c.1695–1768) and Thomas Tiffin ( fl.1760–1783), are discussed. Only a few days after the Directions was printed, Ellis asked Thomas Davies ( c.1737–1812) to publish a method of preparing bird skins that involved corrosive sublimate and was probably involved in drafting it. Following these two publications, corrosive sublimate was frequently used for the preservation of natural history collections including bird skins and herbarium specimens.

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