scholarly journals Reverse transcriptase enzyme and priming strategy affect quantification and diversity of environmental transcripts

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2383-2402
Author(s):  
Fabien Cholet ◽  
Umer Z. Ijaz ◽  
Cindy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme

scholarly journals Identification of an Active Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme Encoded by a Human Endogenous HERV-K Retrovirus

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 2365-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Berkhout ◽  
Maarten Jebbink ◽  
Jozsef Zsíros
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rnase H ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme

ABSTRACT Of the numerous endogenous retroviral elements that are present in the human genome, the abundant HERV-K family is distinct because several members are transcriptionally active and coding for biologically active proteins. A detailed phylogeny of the HERV-K family based on the partial sequence of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene revealed a high incidence of an intact RT open reading frame within the HML-2 subgroup of HERV-K elements. In this study, we report the cloning of six full-length HML-2 RT genes, of which five contain an uninterrupted open reading frame. The RT enzymes were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins inEscherichia coli, and several HERV-K RT enzymes demonstrated polymerase as well as RNase H activity. Several biochemical properties of the RT polymerase were analyzed, including the template requirements and optimal reaction conditions (temperature, type of divalent cation). Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of the HERV-K RT genes demonstrated a mosaic structure, suggesting that a high level of genetic recombination has occurred in this virus family, which is a hallmark of replication by means of reverse transcription. The selective pressure to maintain the RT coding potential is illustrated by the sequence of a particular HERV-K isolate that contains three 1-nucleotide deletions within a small RT segment, thus maintaining the open reading frame. These combined results may suggest that these endogenous RT enzymes still have a biological function. It is possible that the RT activity was involved in the spread of this major class of retroelements by retrotransposition, and in fact it cannot be excluded that this retrovirus group is still mobile. The endogenous RT activity may also have been involved in the shaping of the human genome, e.g., by formation of pseudogenes.

scholarly journals Practical diagnostic testing for human immunodeficiency virus.

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Jackson ◽  
H H Balfour
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hiv Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antigen

Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 1983, there has been a proliferation of diagnostic tests. These assays can be used to detect the presence of HIV antibody, HIV antigen, HIV ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, and HIV reverse transcriptase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Western blot, radioimmunoprecipitation assays, indirect immunofluorescence assays, reverse transcriptase assays, and several molecular hybridization techniques are currently available. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assays for HIV antibody are very sensitive, specific, and adaptable to most laboratories. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV antigen is also readily adaptable to most laboratories and will be commercially available soon. While the other assays are more tedious, they are valuable confirmatory tests and are suitable for reference laboratories. The biohazards of performing HIV testing can be minimized with proper biosafety measures.

The dolabellane diterpene Dolabelladienetriol is a typical noncompetitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Cesar Cirne-Santos ◽  
Thiago Moreno L. Souza ◽  
Valéria L. Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Frederico L. Fontes ◽  
Moacyr A. Rebello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme ◽  
Noncompetitive Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv 1

Towards an early diagnosis of HIV infection: an electrochemical approach for detection ofHIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme

The Analyst ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Labib ◽  
Patrick O. Shipman ◽  
Sanela Martić ◽  
Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme ◽  
Electrochemical Approach

Nitroimidazoles Part 7. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of New 4-Nitroimidazole Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najim A. Masoudi ◽  
Wolfgang Pfleiderer ◽  
Christophe Pannecouque
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme ◽  
Aids Therapy ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Anti Hiv

Reverse transcriptase enzyme (RT) is an attractive target for the development of new drugs useful in AIDS therapy and HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and offers the possibility of generating structures of increased potency. On this basis, a series of 4-oxo-3-phenyl-2- (phenylimino)thiazolidin-5-ylidene, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-azidopropyl, and 3-aminopropyl derivatives of 1-benzyl-2-ethyl-4-nitroimidazoles 6-8, as well as the substituted 1,2,3-triazolo analogs 12-14, the diazepam 15 and carboxamide derivatives 16 and 17 were synthesized. All compounds have been evaluated for their anti-HIV activity

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