High salinity gradients and intermediate spatial scales shaped similar biogeographical and co‐occurrence patterns of microeukaryotes in a tropical freshwater‐saltwater ecosystem

Author(s):  
Changyu Zhu ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Xinghao Li ◽  
Yusen Xu ◽  
Hamed A. El‐Serehy ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Hongchen Jiang ◽  
Xiaoxi Sun ◽  
Jianrong Huang ◽  
Mingxian Han ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Temporal variations and co-occurrence patterns of the prokaryotic community in saline lakes remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the temporal variations of the prokaryotic community in six lakes with different salinity by using Illumina sequencing. The results showed that prokaryotic community compositions exhibited temporal variations in all studied lakes, which may be partially caused by temporal fluctuations of environmental variables (e.g. salinity, temperature, total nitrogen). Salinity fluctuations exhibited stronger influences on temporal variations of prokaryotic community composition in the lakes with low salinity than in those with high salinity. Stochastic factors (i.e. neutral processes) also contributed to temporal variations of prokaryotic community composition, and their contributions decreased with increasing salinity in the studied saline lakes. Network analysis showed that prokaryotic co-occurrence networks of the studied lakes exhibited non-random topology. Salinity affected the phylogenetic composition of nodes in the studied networks. The topological features (e.g. average connectivity and modularity) of the studied networks significantly differed between lake waters and sediments. Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying prokaryotic community assembly and co-occurrence relationships in saline lakes with different salinity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Püttker ◽  
Camila S Barros ◽  
Bruno T Pinotti ◽  
Adriana A Bueno ◽  
Renata Pardini

AbstractTheory predicts that habitat generalist species are excluded by specialist species in optimal habitat for specialists, and empirical data commonly show a shift from specialist- to generalist-dominated communities following disturbance. We investigated co-occurrence patterns of habitat generalist and specialist terrestrial rodents at two spatial scales in the Atlantic Forest, aiming at evaluating the following hypotheses: 1) within-patch spatial niche partitioning promotes coexistence of generalists and specialists, leading to checkerboard presence-absence patterns at small (within-patch) rather than large (among-patch) scales; and 2) the decrease in abundance of specialists due to habitat loss promotes a competitive release of generalists, leading to negative covariance in abundance between generalists and specialists among patches. Drawing on a large data set including 363 sites within three patches in continuous forest, and 45 patches within three landscapes, we used C-scores based on presence-absence and abundance data to evaluate spatial segregation. We found consistent segregation between specialists and generalists at the within-patch rather than among-patch scale, but no consistent negative covariance in abundance between generalists and specialists among patches (as covarying species pairs varied across landscapes). Our findings suggest that spatial patterns caused by competition are scale-dependent, and coexistence of generalists and specialists is promoted by within-patch spatial niche partitioning. However, the influence of competitive release on the proliferation of generalists may be outweighed by other factors in fragmented landscapes.A teoria ecológica prevê que espécies generalistas de habitat são excluídas por espécies especialistas em hábitats ótimos para as especialistas, e dados empíricos comumente mostram uma mudança de dominância das comunidades - de especialistas para generalistas - após distúrbios. Nós investigamos os padrões de coocorrência de roedores terrestres generalistas e especialistas de habitat em duas escalas espaciais na Mata Atlântica, para testar as seguintes hipóteses: 1) a partição espacial do nicho dento de fragmentos promove a coexistência de generalistas e especialistas, levando a padrões de presença-ausência “tabuleiro de damas” em escalas pequenas (dentro de fragmento) mas não em escalas grandes (entre fragmentos); 2) a diminuição da abundância de especialistas devido à perda de habitat promove uma liberação competitiva de generalistas, levando a covariância negativa da abundância de generalistas e especialistas entre fragmentos. A partir de um grande banco de dados - 363 sítios dentro de três fragmentos de floresta contínua, e 45 fragmentos dentro de três paisagens, usamos C-scores baseados em dados de presença/ausência e abundância para avaliar a segregação espacial. Encontramos segregação consistente entre especialistas e generalistas na escala menor (dentro de fragmentos) e não na maior (entre fragmentos), mas não encontramos covariância negativa na abundância de generalistas e especialistas entre fragmentos (dado que os pares de espécies que covariaram mudou entre as paisagens). Nossos resultados sugerem que padrões espaciais causados por competição são dependentes de escala, e que a coexistência de generalistas e especialistas é promovida pela partição espacial de nicho dentro dos fragmentos. No entanto, a influência da liberação competitiva na proliferação de generalistas pode ser superada por outros fatores em paisagens fragmentadas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 117585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet H. Avci ◽  
Timon Rijnaarts ◽  
Enrica Fontananova ◽  
Gianluca Di Profio ◽  
Ivo F.V. Vankelecom ◽  
...  

Estimations have been made of the salinity tolerance of the larva and adult of the lancelet Branchiostoma nigeriense and the effects of fluctuating salinities on its ciliary feeding mechanism. The results obtained have been correlated with the times of occurrence and the rates of growth of these lancelets in the Lagos area. The reactions of larval and adult lancelets to changes in temperature have been observed and the range of temperature within which these animals can survive has been determined. The behaviour of larval lancelets in salinity gradients has been studied. It is shown that the reactions of the larva to salinity and temperature restrict the animal to waters of high salinity and temperature. The distribution of adult lancelets in the Lagos area has been shown to coincide with that of sand deposits containing not more than 25 % of fine grains passing a 90-mesh to the inch sieve or 1-5% of silt. Experiments have been performed confirming the preference of lancelets for this type of sand and indicating the factors which lead to its selection by the animal through a process of trial and error. The behaviour of B. nigeriense is discussed. The distribution of this lancelet is shown to be a result of its reactions to environment.


2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Klop ◽  
Janneke van Goethem

Abstract:We studied the effects of savanna fires on the structure of local ungulate communities in a West African woodland savanna. The distribution of 11 ungulate species over 9−15 burned sites (the number of which increased as burning activity continued during the dry season) and 7−13 unburned sites was compared with a variety of null models or randomized ‘virtual communities’. Five different parameters of community structure were examined: body mass distribution, co-occurrence patterns, species richness, species density and guild dominance. Overall, ungulate species were not randomly distributed over burned and unburned sites. The regular spacing of body masses in the set of species recorded on burned and unburned sites indicated competition, since species similar in body mass are more likely to compete than species of different size. However, co-occurrence patterns on burned sites were random, indicating absence of competition at fine spatial scales due to differential habitat use within the burned landscape. Although the attractiveness of the regrowth on burned sites resulted in higher numbers of ungulates compared with unburned sites, species richness was not different. Grazers were the dominant guild on burned sites, but there were no differences in species richness or species density between grazers and browsers on unburned sites.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkaan K Fahimipour ◽  
Melissa R Kardish ◽  
Jonathan A Eisen ◽  
Jenna M Lang ◽  
Jessica L Green ◽  
...  

AbstractPlant-associated microorganisms are essential for their hosts' survival and performance. Yet, most plant microbiome studies to date have focused on terrestrial plant species sampled across relatively small spatial scales. Here we report results of a global-scale analysis of microbial communities associated with leaf and root surfaces of the marine eelgrassZostera marinathroughout its range in the Northern Hemisphere. By contrasting host microbiomes with those of their surrounding seawater and sediment communities, we uncovered the structure, composition and variability of microbial communities associated withZ. marina. We also investigated hypotheses about the mechanisms driving assembly of the eelgrass microbiome using a whole-genomic metabolic modeling approach. Our results reveal aboveground leaf communities displaying high variability and spatial turnover, that strongly mirror their adjacent coastal seawater microbiomes. In contrast, roots showed relatively low spatial turnover and were compositionally distinct from surrounding sediment communities — a result largely driven by the enrichment of predicted sulfur-oxidizing bacterial taxa on root surfaces. Metabolic modeling of enriched taxa was consistent with an assembly process whereby similarity in resource use drives taxonomic co-occurrence patterns on belowground, but not aboveground, host tissues. Our work provides evidence for a coreZ. marinaroot microbiome with putative functional roles and highlights potentially disparate processes influencing microbiome assembly on different plant compartments.


Author(s):  
J. R. Michael

X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) refers to a technique by which chemical composition can be determined on spatial scales of less than 10 nm. There are many factors that influence the quality of x-ray microanalysis. The minimum probe size with sufficient current for microanalysis that can be generated determines the ultimate spatial resolution of each individual microanalysis. However, it is also necessary to collect efficiently the x-rays generated. Modern high brightness field emission gun equipped AEMs can now generate probes that are less than 1 nm in diameter with high probe currents. Improving the x-ray collection solid angle of the solid state energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results in more efficient collection of x-ray generated by the interaction of the electron probe with the specimen, thus reducing the minimum detectability limit. The combination of decreased interaction volume due to smaller electron probe size and the increased collection efficiency due to larger solid angle of x-ray collection should enhance our ability to study interfacial segregation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Yigit Aydede

The present study intends to reveal spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in two different ways. First, it questions the existence of those regularities when spatial scales get finer. Second, it uses pooled data over four population censuses covering the period from 1991 to 2006, which enabled us to apply appropriate techniques to remove those unobserved fixed effects so that the estimations would accurately identify the linkage between local immigrant and non-immigrant numbers. The results provide evidence about the existence of negative spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada at national scale.


2019 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Evensen ◽  
C Doropoulos ◽  
KM Morrow ◽  
CA Motti ◽  
PJ Mumby

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document