scholarly journals Genomic basis of environmental adaptation in the leathery sea squirt ( Styela clava )

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414-1431
Author(s):  
Jiankai Wei ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Qiongxuan Lu ◽  
Ping Ren ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Genomic Basis

Effects of temperature and body size on the physiological energetics of the stalked sea squirt Styela clava

2015 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Keun Kang ◽  
Young-Jae Lee ◽  
Eunah Han ◽  
Hyun-Je Park ◽  
Sung-Gyu Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Physiological Energetics ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effect of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen on the Survival Rate and Physiological Response of the Warty Sea Squirt Styela clava

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Kyung Shin ◽  
◽  
Jung Jun Park ◽  
Mi Seon Park ◽  
Jeong In Myeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
Sea Squirt

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from the Ascidian Styela clava

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez ◽  
Uxía R. Varela ◽  
Rui L. Reis ◽  
Ramon Novoa-Carballal
Keyword(s):  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Light Scattering Detection ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Styela clava is an edible sea squirt farmed in Korea that has gradually invaded other seas, negatively impacting the ecology and economy of coastal areas. Extracts from S. clava have shown wide bioactivities, and ascidians have the unique capability among animals of biosynthesizing cellulose. Thus, S. clava is a relevant candidate for valorization. Herein, we aimed at surveying and characterizing polysaccharides in both tunic and flesh of this ascidian. To this end, we enzymatically hydrolyzed both tissues, recovering crystalline cellulose from the tunic with high aspect ratios, based on results from microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. Alkaline hydroalcoholic precipitation was applied to isolate the polysaccharide fraction that was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (with light scattering detection) and NMR. These techniques allowed the identification of glycogen in the flesh with an estimated Mw of 7 MDa. Tunic polysaccharides consisted of two fractions of different Mw. Application of Diffusion-Ordered NMR allowed spectroscopically separating the low-molecular-weight fraction to analyze the major component of an estimated Mw of 40–66 kDa. We identified six different sugar residues, although its complexity prevented the determination of the complete structure and connectivities of the residues. The two more abundant residues were N-acetylated and possibly components of the glycosaminoglycan-like (GAG-like) family, showing the remaining similarities to sulfated galactans. Therefore, Styela clava appears as a source of nanocrystalline cellulose and GAG-like polysaccharides.

Stalked sea squirt (Styela clava) tunic waste as a valuable bioresource: Cosmetic and antioxidant activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1977-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Mee Lee ◽  
Ye-Ram Lee ◽  
Kwang-Sik Cho ◽  
Young-Nam Cho ◽  
Hyun A Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
Sea Squirt

scholarly journals The Genomic Basis for Short-Term Evolution of Environmental Adaptation in Maize

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 1479-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Wisser ◽  
Zhou Fang ◽  
James B. Holland ◽  
Juliana E. C. Teixeira ◽  
John Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Genomic Basis

Understanding the evolutionary capacity of populations to adapt to novel environments is one of the major pursuits in genetics. Moreover, for plant breeding, maladaptation is the foremost barrier to capitalizing on intraspecific variation in order to develop new breeds for future climate scenarios in agriculture. Using a unique study design, we simultaneously dissected the population and quantitative genomic basis of short-term evolution in a tropical landrace of maize that was translocated to a temperate environment and phenotypically selected for adaptation in flowering time phenology. Underlying 10 generations of directional selection, which resulted in a 26-day mean decrease in female-flowering time, 60% of the heritable variation mapped to 14% of the genome, where, overall, alleles shifted in frequency beyond the boundaries of genetic drift in the expected direction given their flowering time effects. However, clustering these non-neutral alleles based on their profiles of frequency change revealed transient shifts underpinning a transition in genotype–phenotype relationships across generations. This was distinguished by initial reductions in the frequencies of few relatively large positive effect alleles and subsequent enrichment of many rare negative effect alleles, some of which appear to represent allelic series. With these genomic shifts, the population reached an adapted state while retaining 99% of the standing molecular marker variation in the founding population. Robust selection and association mapping tests highlighted several key genes driving the phenotypic response to selection. Our results reveal the evolutionary dynamics of a finite polygenic architecture conditioning a capacity for rapid environmental adaptation in maize.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification, Comparison, and Expression Analysis of Transcription Factors in Ascidian Styela clava

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4317
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Jiankai Wei ◽  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Bo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Styela Clava

Tunicates include diverse species, as they are model animals for evolutionary developmental biology study. The embryonic development of tunicates is known to be extensively regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Styela clava, the globally distributed invasive tunicate, exhibits a strong capacity for environmental adaptation. However, the TFs were not systematically identified and analyzed. In this study, we reported 553 TFs categorized into 60 families from S. clava, based on the whole genome data. Comparison of TFs analysis among the tunicate species revealed that the gene number in the zinc finger superfamily displayed the most significant discrepancy, indicating this family was under the highly evolutionary selection and might be related to species differentiation and environmental adaptation. The greatest number of TFs was discovered in the Cys2His2-type zinc finger protein (zf-C2H2) family in S. clava. From the point of temporal view, more than half the TFs were expressed at the early embryonic stage. The expression correlation analysis revealed the existence of a transition for TFs expression from early embryogenesis to the later larval development in S. clava. Eight Hox genes were identified to be located on one chromosome, exhibiting different arrangement and expression patterns, compared to Ciona robusta (C. intestinalis type A). In addition, a total of 23 forkhead box (fox) genes were identified in S. clava, and their expression profiles referred to their potential roles in neurodevelopment and sensory organ development. Our data, thus, provides crucial clues to the potential functions of TFs in development and environmental adaptation in the leathery sea squirt.

scholarly journals A new range-extending record of the invasive sea squirt S. clava in the north of Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Want ◽  
Jenni E. Kakkonen
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Styela Clava ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Hard Substrates

AbstractA new record of an individual of the invasive sea squirt, Styela clava, is reported from Scapa Flow in Orkney, Scotland. This represents a 1.54° latitudinal extension (168 km) from the previous northern-most record in UK waters. Diver surveys of hard substrates in the immediate area, part of local biosecurity protocols, did not find any additional individuals. Possible transport vectors, likelihood of an established reproductively active population, and implications to local biodiversity are discussed.

scholarly journals The genomic basis of environmental adaptation in house mice

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e1007672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Phifer-Rixey ◽  
Ke Bi ◽  
Kathleen G. Ferris ◽  
Michael J. Sheehan ◽  
Dana Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Genomic Basis
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