Cocaine cue‐induced mesocorticolimbic activation in cocaine users: Effects of personality traits, lifetime drug use, and acute stimulant ingestion

Background: Personality traits, such as self-directedness (SD) and cooperativeness (CO), may be indicative of problematic alcohol and/or drug use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the association of substance use with SD and CO in a large cohort of adolescents. Method: A total of 6,917 individuals (58% women) at the age of 18 who had filled in the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT), and the SD and CO scales from the Temperament and Character Inventory, as part of the Child and Adolescent Twin study in Sweden were included in the analyses. Results: High AUDIT scores (>15) were found in 2.4% of the population and high DUDIT scores (>7) in 1.2% of the population. Total score on the AUDIT was negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with SD (r = –0.18) and CO (r = –0.15), as well as total DUDIT with SD (r = –0.11) and CO (r = –0.08). The risk of high AUDIT (>15) and DUDIT (>7) was highest for those with a low (1 standard deviation below mean) SD score (ORs 4.1 and 4.5, p < 0.001) and a low CO score (ORs 3.5 and 4.5, p < 0.001). However, at 1 standard deviation above mean, no association between alcohol or drug use and SD or CO was seen. Using SD and CO scores to predict AUDIT >15 or DUDIT >7 yielded a sensitivity between 62.4 and 71.3% and a specificity between 64.9 and 70.4%. Conclusions: Personality traits of low SD and CO are associated with increased alcohol and drug use. These findings support the notion that personality traits can be used to identify individuals at high risk of substance abuse.

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The transition from injection to non-injection drug use: long-term outcomes among heroin and cocaine users in New York City

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01764.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 778-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Don C. Des Jarlais ◽

Kamyar Arasteh ◽

Theresa Perlis ◽

Holly Hagan ◽

Douglas D. Heckathorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Drug Use ◽

Injection Drug Use ◽

York City ◽

Injection Drug ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Cocaine Users

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Stable self-serving personality traits in recreational and dependent cocaine users

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0172853 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. e0172853 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Boris B. Quednow ◽

Lea M. Hulka ◽

Katrin H. Preller ◽

Markus R. Baumgartner ◽

Christoph Eisenegger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Cocaine Users

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Drug Use Frequency Among Street-Recruited Heroin and Cocaine Users in Harlem and the Bronx Before and After September 11, 2001

Journal of Urban Health ◽

10.1093/jurban/79.3.404 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 404-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. H. Factor

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

September 11 ◽

Before And After ◽

Cocaine Users

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Factors in the Transition from Legal to Illicit Drug Use in Young Adults from Northern Mexico

Investigación y Educación en Enfermería ◽

10.17533/udea.iee.v37n3e11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mayra Selene Ozuna Esprinosa ◽

Josefina Saraí Candia Arredondo ◽

María Magdalena Alonso Castillo ◽

Karla Selene López García ◽

Francisco Rafael Guzmán Facundo

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Young Adults ◽

Drug Use ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Neighborhood Environment ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Northern Mexico

Objective. This research sought to analyze the predictive effect of personal (personality traits), social (social support and social stigma) and community factors (characteristic of the neighborhood and exposure to consumption) on the transition of drug use in young adults.Methods. Case and control study. The cases were 70 individuals from 18 to 34 years of age who had already transitioned into illicit drug use and the controls were 210 legal drug usuers (tobacco or alcohol) in the same age range who had not had the transition. A data file was applied along with seven instruments that measured the transition and consumption variables.Results. Marihuana was the illicit drug of highest transition. It was shown that greater personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to the experience meant higher probability of drug use transition; while greater personality traits of agreeableness and conscience meant lower probability for the transition. The characteristics of the neighborhood environment and exposure to the opportunity of consumption increase the probability of the drug use transition. Social support and social stigma influenced negatively upon the drug use transition.Conclusion. Personality traits, neighborhood characteristics, exposure to drug use, social support, and the social stigma of drug use are factors that intervene in the transition from legal to illicit drug useDescriptores: street drugs; drug users; risk factors; young adult; personality; social support; social stigma; residence characteristics; surveys and questionnaires; case-control studies.How to cite this article: Ozuna MS, Candia JS, Alonso MM, López KS, Guzmán FR. Factors in the Transition from Legal to Illicit Drug Use in Young Adults from Northern Mexico. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e11.

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