Nest survival of the threatened Campo Miner Geositta poeciloptera : a tropical cavity‐nesting grassland bird

How Many Baskets? Clutch Sizes That Maximize Annual Fecundity of Multiple-Brooded Birds

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/118.4.973 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 973-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

George L. Farnsworth ◽

Theodore R. Simons ◽

J. Brawn

Keyword(s):

Clutch Size ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Nest Predation ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Season Length ◽

Deterministic Models ◽

Cavity Nesting ◽

Theoretical Issues

Abstract We developed deterministic models on the basis of nest survival rates and renesting behavior capable of predicting annual fecundity in birds. The models calculate probabilities of fledging from one to four nests within a discrete breeding season. We used those models to address theoretical issues related to clutch size. In general, birds require at least one day to lay an egg, and many species delay incubation until their entire clutch is laid. Because it takes longer to complete a larger clutch, and fewer such clutches can fit into a limited breeding season, there exists a clutch size for which annual fecundity is maximized. We asked, for a given amount of reproductive effort (i.e. a set number of eggs), does the age-old maxim “don't put all your eggs in one basket” apply? If so, in how many “baskets” should a nesting bird place its eggs? The answer depends on both likelihood of nest predation and length of the breeding season. Those results are consistent with the observed increase in clutch size with latitude (shorter breeding season length) and larger clutch sizes characteristic of cavity-nesting species (with higher nest survival rates). The models also predict that the size of replacement clutches should decrease as the breeding season progresses, and that intraseasonal decline in clutch size should be more pronounced when the breeding season is short.

Nest Densities of Cavity-Nesting Birds in Relation to Postfire Salvage Logging and Time Since Wildfire

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/109.1.97 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 97-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Victoria A. Saab ◽

Robin E. Russell ◽

Jonathan G. Dudley

Keyword(s):

Open Space ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Bird Species ◽

Nest Density ◽

Salvage Logging ◽

American Kestrel ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Cavity Nesting ◽

Time Since Fire ◽

Mountain Bluebird

Abstract Abstract We monitored the nest densities and nest survival of seven cavity-nesting bird species, including four open-space foragers (American Kestrel [Falco sparverius], Lewis's Woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], Western Bluebird [Sialia mexicana], and Mountain Bluebird [S. currucoides]) and three wood-foragers (Hairy Woodpecker [Picoides villosus], Black-backed Woodpecker [P. arcticus], and Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus]), after two wildfires (one partially salvage-logged and one unlogged) in western Idaho from 1994–2004. We estimated the relationship between nest density and time since fire, tested for statistical differences in nest densities and nest survival in the partially salvage-logged vs. unlogged wildfires, and tested for differences in nest survival between early (1–4 years after fire) and late (5–12 years after fire) postfire periods. Nest densities of open-space foragers and Northern Flickers generally increased with time since fire, whereas nest densities of Black-backed and Hairy Woodpeckers peaked 4–5 years postfire. Nest densities of wood-foraging species and Mountain Bluebirds were significantly higher in the unlogged burn, whereas Lewis's Woodpeckers had significantly higher nest densities in the partially logged burn. Kestrels tended to favor the partially logged burn, while Western Bluebird nest densities were nearly equal in both burned areas. For most species, postfire period and treatment (partially logged vs. unlogged) had little influence on nest survival. However, Hairy Woodpecker nest survival was significantly lower in the partially logged burn versus the unlogged wildfire in the early postfire period, and Lewis's Woodpecker nest survival was significantly reduced in the later postfire period versus the early postfire period in the partially logged burn. Importantly, the salvage logging was designed to retain more than half of the snags over 23 cm in diameter, which provided suitable nesting habitat for open-space foragers during the decade following fire.

Effects of Post-Fire Salvage Logging on Cavity-Nesting Birds and Small Mammals in Southeastern Montana

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v125i4.1260 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 316 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William J. Kronland ◽

Marco Restani

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Small Mammal ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Distance Sampling ◽

Salvage Treatment ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Salvage Logging ◽

Cavity Nesting ◽

Large Trees

We investigated how post-fire salvage logging of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) affected populations of cavity-nesting birds and small mammals in southeastern Montana in 2004 and 2005. We examined two salvage and two control plots with three point-count stations and one small mammal trap site randomly distributed across each plot. We used point counts and distance sampling methods to estimate density of cavity-nesting birds on each treatment. We also searched each plot for nests and used program MARK to construct a set of candidate models to investigate variations in nest survival related to treatment, year, and time. We used live traps arranged in webs centered on trapping sites and distance sampling methods to estimate small mammal density. Habitat characteristics were also quantified on each plot. Density of all cavity-nesting birds combined and of Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) in particular were higher on the control than the salvage treatment. Density of large trees and abundance of active cavities were higher on the control treatment. Nest cavities on the salvage treatment were most often located in non-logged watersheds. Nest survival estimates were uniformly high, with only marginal variations attributed to treatment and year. Density of Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was higher on the salvage than the control treatment, reflecting the amount of downed woody debris created during harvest.

Modeling nest survival of cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

Journal of Wildlife Management ◽

10.1002/jwmg.111 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 794-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Victoria A. Saab ◽

Robin E. Russell ◽

Jay Rotella ◽

Jonathan G. Dudley

Keyword(s):

Nest Survival ◽

Salvage Logging ◽

Cavity Nesting

Contrasting impacts of invasive plants and human-altered landscape context on nest survival and brood parasitism of a grassland bird

Landscape Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10980-018-0703-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1799-1813 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Scott B. Maresh Nelson ◽

Jaime J. Coon ◽

Courtney J. Duchardt ◽

James R. Miller ◽

Diane M. Debinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Brood Parasitism ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Landscape Context ◽

Grassland Bird

Cavity characteristics, but not habitat, influence nest survival of cavity-nesting birds along a gradient of human impact in the subtropical Atlantic Forest

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kristina L. Cockle ◽

Alejandro Bodrati ◽

Martjan Lammertink ◽

Kathy Martin

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Cavity Nesting ◽

Cavity Characteristics

Reproductive Success of Chestnut-Collared Longspurs in Native and Exotic Grassland

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/107.2.363 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 363-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John D. Lloyd ◽

Thomas E. Martin

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Reproductive Success ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Grassland Birds ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Breeding Habitat ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Population Declines ◽

Grassland Bird ◽

Native Prairie

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation have been identified as important factors in the decline of grassland bird populations. However, population declines are apparent even in prairie ecosystems that remain relatively intact suggesting that additional factors are involved. The degradation of breeding habitat may be one such factor, but few studies have examined habitat-specific demography of grassland birds, and thus little is known of how changes in breeding habitat may be related to population declines. We addressed this question by comparing reproductive success of Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) in patches of native prairie and in monocultures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), a grass introduced from Asia. Using recently developed methods for estimating nest survival rate, we found that, independent of habitat type, daily nest survival generally declined from egg laying to fledging. We also found a positive effect of clutch size on nest survival rate, which we interpreted as evidence for individual heterogeneity in nest survival. Finally, we found that the odds of a nest surviving a given day were 17% lower in the exotic habitat, and that nestlings grew more slowly, and had a smaller final mass in the exotic habitat. Despite having lower reproductive success in the exotic habitat, we found no evidence that Chestnut-collared Longspurs preferred to nest in the native habitat. Our results show that the introduction and spread of a commonly planted exotic grass has adverse fitness consequences for a grassland bird, and highlight the importance of maintaining native prairie.Éxito Reproductivo de Calcarius ornatus en Praderas Nativas y ExóticasResumen. La pérdida y fragmentación de hábitat han sido identificados como factores importantes con respecto a la disminución de las poblaciones de aves de pastizales. Sin embargo, las poblaciones están en disminución aún en ecosistemas de pradera relativamente intactos, lo que sugiere que otros factores están involucrados en el proceso. La degradación del hábitat de nidificación podría ser uno de estos factores adicionales, pero pocos estudios han examinado la demografía de aves de pastizales en distintos hábitats. En consecuencia, se conoce muy poco acerca de cómo los cambios en el hábitat podrían estar relacionados con las disminuciones poblacionales. En este estudio abordamos esta pregunta comparando el éxito reproductivo de individuos de la especie Calcarius ornatus en parches de praderas nativas y en monocultivos de Agropyron cristatum, un pasto introducido de Asia. Empleando métodos recientemente desarrollados para estimar la tasa de supervivencia de los nidos, encontramos que independientemente del tipo de hábitat, la supervivencia diaria de los nidos en general disminuyó desde la puesta hasta el momento de emplumamiento de los pichones. También encontramos un efecto positivo del tamaño de la nidada sobre la tasa de supervivencia de los nidos, el cual interpretamos como evidencia de que existe heterogeneidad individual en la supervivencia de los nidos. Finalmente, encontramos que en el ambiente exótico la probabilidad de sobrevivir de un nido durante un día dado fue un 17% menor, los pichones crecieron más lentamente y presentaron una masa final menor. A pesar de presentar un éxito reproductivo menor en el ambiente exótico, no encontramos evidencia de que las aves prefirieran nidificar en el ambiente nativo. Nuestros resultados muestran que la introducción y propagación de un pasto exótico que es plantado con frecuencia tiene efectos adversos sobre la adecuación de un ave de pastizal, y resaltan la importancia de mantener las praderas nativas.

Nest density drives productivity in chestnut-collared longspurs: Implications for grassland bird conservation

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256346 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256346

Author(s):

John P. Pulliam ◽

Scott Somershoe ◽

Marisa Sather ◽

Lance B. McNew

Keyword(s):

Nest Site ◽

Nest Survival ◽

Grassland Birds ◽

Population Level ◽

Survival Models ◽

Nest Density ◽

Bird Conservation ◽

Grassland Bird ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Conservation Concern

Grassland birds are declining faster than any other avian guild in North America and are increasingly a focus of conservation concern. Adaptive, outcome-based management of rangelands could do much to mitigate declines. However, this approach relies on quantitative, generalizable habitat targets that have been difficult to extrapolate from the literature. Past work relies heavily on individual versus population response, and direct response to management (e.g. grazing) versus response to outcomes. We compared individual and population-level responses to vegetation conditions across scales to identify quantitative targets of habitat quality for an imperiled grassland songbird, the chestnut-collared longspur (Calcarius ornatus) in northern Montana, USA during 2017–2018. We estimated nest density and nest survival within 9-ha survey plots using open N-mixture and nest survival models, respectively, and evaluated relationships with plot- and nest-site vegetation conditions. Plot-scale conditions influenced nest density, whereas nest survival was unaffected by any measured condition. Nest-site and plot-scale vegetation measurements were only weakly correlated, suggesting that management targets based on nest sites only would be incomplete. While nest survival is often assumed to be the key driver of bird productivity, our results suggest that nest density and plot-scale conditions are more important for productivity of longspurs at the core of the breeding distribution. Habitat outcomes for grassland birds should incorporate nest density and average conditions at scale(s) relevant to management (e.g. paddock or pasture).

Red Heart Disease in Pines Caused by Porodaedalea (Phellinus) pini in Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr425-2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Yin-Tse Huang ◽

Jeffrey Eickwort ◽

Jiri Hulcr

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Cavity Nesting ◽

Pine Species

All pine species in Florida are susceptible to red heart disease. The disease can decrease timber value and weaken trees, making them threats to people and property. In forests, however, the same disease can be beneficial to cavity-nesting animals like red-cockaded woodpeckers. This 3-page fact sheet written by Yin-Tse Huang, Jeffrey Eickwort, and Jiri Hulcr and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes the disease and provides some tips to manage it in areas where it could cause problems for people.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr425

Data for "Nesting success of wood-cavity-nesting bees declines with increasing time since wildfire"

Forest Service Research Data Archive ◽

10.2737/rds-2019-0037 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael P. Simanonok ◽

Laura A. Burkle

Keyword(s):

Nesting Success ◽

Cavity Nesting