Seasonal variations of immune parameters in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
 cultured in pond

Desiccation is one of the extremely stressful situations experienced by aquatic animals, and sea cucumber usually suffers from desiccation stress during transportation without water. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion on physiological stress, oxidative damage, antioxidant status and non-specific immune response of Apostichopus japonicus, providing valuable information on the health management of sea cucumber culturing. Control and desiccation groups were set up, and each group has three replicates. After 1, 3 and 6 h of desiccation, individuals were resubmersed in aerated seawater for a 24 h recovery in three batches, which were represented as D1, D3 and D6, respectively. The results showed that glucose level in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber significantly decreased after desiccation, whereas lactate, cortisol and osmolality showed remarkable ascending trends. Thereafter, all stress parameters gently recovered towards normal levels as control group during 24 h resubmersion. The prolonged desiccation at D6 treatment induced the significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, as well as relatively lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. During the period of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion, sea cucumber adjusted antioxidant defense to reduce the concentrations of MDA and ROS as a strategy for protecting against oxidative damage. Desiccation also had significant effects on non-specific immune parameters (total coelomocytes counts, TCC; complement C3; total nitric oxide synthase, T-NOS; lysozyme, LSZ; alkaline phosphatase, AKP) of A. japonicus, which could be recovered to some extent during resubmersion. In conclusion, less than 6 h of desiccation did not induce irreparable damage to sea cucumber, and was recommended for handling and shipping live sea cucumbers.

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Antioxidant enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315410000779 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wang Fangyu ◽

Yang Hongsheng Yang ◽

Wang Xiaoyu ◽

Xing Kun ◽

Gao Fei

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Apostichopus Japonicus ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Coelomic Fluid ◽

Sharp Change ◽

Antioxidant Defence ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

And Function

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant defence in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus in aestivation was studied in the field from July to November 2006 in Qingdao. During the sampling period, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly in August and November. Activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione decreased significantly in August and increased significantly in November and activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in August. There were no significant differences in total glutathione peroxidase. In relation to the water temperature in the field, it is known that the oxygen consumption rate dropped and antioxidant defence was enhanced in August. The structure and function of respiratory trees of A. japonicus were completely vivified as normal in November, and it is suggested that antioxidant defence was enhanced because of the sharp change of oxygen consumption. Data indicate that both enzymatic and metabolite antioxidant defences in sea cucumber are adaptable systems that are modulated during pre-aestivating stage and arousing stage.

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Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Growth, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes, and Coelomic Fluid Nonspecific Immune Enzymes of Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus, Juveniles

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society ◽

10.1111/jwas.12344 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 290-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chenmin Liu ◽

Yuzhe Han ◽

Tongjun Ren ◽

Zhiqiang Jiang ◽

Fuqiang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Apostichopus Japonicus ◽

Coelomic Fluid

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Galactose-Binding C-Type Lectin Promotes Cellular Aggregation of Coelomocytes in Sea Cucumber

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.783798 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mizuki Taguchi ◽

Chikaya Tanaka ◽

Shigeyuki Tsutsui ◽

Osamu Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

De Novo ◽

Apostichopus Japonicus ◽

Glass Slide ◽

Coelomic Fluid ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Coelomic Cavity ◽

Cellular Aggregation ◽

First Time ◽

Cellular Movement

Echinoderms have a large coelomic cavity containing coelomocytes. When the coelomic fluid is removed from the cavity, the cells aggregate immediately. We found that a fraction or an extract of the intestine of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, markedly accelerated cellular movement and aggregation on a glass slide, and this effect was clearly inhibited by galactose. We successfully purified the aggregation-promoting factor, a 16 kDa protein, from the intestine. TOF-MS analysis followed by de novo sequencing revealed that the protein is a C-type lectin. RNA-seq data and cDNA cloning demonstrated the factor to be a novel lectin, named AjGBCL, consisting of 158 aa residues in the mature form. Microscopic observation revealed that most of the aggregating cells moved toward aggregates and not to an intestinal fragment, suggesting that AjGBCL is not a chemoattractant but a cellular aggregation-inducing factor that may induce aggregates to release chemoattractant. We report, for the first time, an endogenous molecule that promotes coelomocyte aggregation in echinoderms.

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