Antioxidant enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Fangyu ◽  
Yang Hongsheng Yang ◽  
Wang Xiaoyu ◽  
Xing Kun ◽  
Gao Fei
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
And Function

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant defence in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus in aestivation was studied in the field from July to November 2006 in Qingdao. During the sampling period, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly in August and November. Activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione decreased significantly in August and increased significantly in November and activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in August. There were no significant differences in total glutathione peroxidase. In relation to the water temperature in the field, it is known that the oxygen consumption rate dropped and antioxidant defence was enhanced in August. The structure and function of respiratory trees of A. japonicus were completely vivified as normal in November, and it is suggested that antioxidant defence was enhanced because of the sharp change of oxygen consumption. Data indicate that both enzymatic and metabolite antioxidant defences in sea cucumber are adaptable systems that are modulated during pre-aestivating stage and arousing stage.

Seasonal variations of immune parameters in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Jiang ◽  
Zunchun Zhou ◽  
Ying Dong ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Immune Parameters

scholarly journals Physiological and immunological responses of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during desiccation and subsequent resubmersion

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Hou ◽  
Zewei Jin ◽  
Wenwen Jiang ◽  
Liang Chi ◽  
Bin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Immune Parameters

Desiccation is one of the extremely stressful situations experienced by aquatic animals, and sea cucumber usually suffers from desiccation stress during transportation without water. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion on physiological stress, oxidative damage, antioxidant status and non-specific immune response of Apostichopus japonicus, providing valuable information on the health management of sea cucumber culturing. Control and desiccation groups were set up, and each group has three replicates. After 1, 3 and 6 h of desiccation, individuals were resubmersed in aerated seawater for a 24 h recovery in three batches, which were represented as D1, D3 and D6, respectively. The results showed that glucose level in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber significantly decreased after desiccation, whereas lactate, cortisol and osmolality showed remarkable ascending trends. Thereafter, all stress parameters gently recovered towards normal levels as control group during 24 h resubmersion. The prolonged desiccation at D6 treatment induced the significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, as well as relatively lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. During the period of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion, sea cucumber adjusted antioxidant defense to reduce the concentrations of MDA and ROS as a strategy for protecting against oxidative damage. Desiccation also had significant effects on non-specific immune parameters (total coelomocytes counts, TCC; complement C3; total nitric oxide synthase, T-NOS; lysozyme, LSZ; alkaline phosphatase, AKP) of A. japonicus, which could be recovered to some extent during resubmersion. In conclusion, less than 6 h of desiccation did not induce irreparable damage to sea cucumber, and was recommended for handling and shipping live sea cucumbers.

scholarly journals Characterization of Host lncRNAs in Response to Vibrio splendidus Infection and Function as Efficient miRNA Sponges in Sea Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Yina Shao ◽  
Chenghua Li
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Vibrio Splendidus ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
And Function

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles during pathogen infection and innate immune response in mammals. Such observation inspired us to explore the expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs in invertebrates upon bacterial infection. Here, the lncRNAs of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) involved in Vibrio splendidus infection were characterized. RNA-seq obtained 2897 differentially expressed lncRNAs from Vibrio splendidus infected coelomocytes of sea cucumbers. The potential functions of the significant differentially expressed lncRNAs were related to immunity and metabolic process based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Moreover, we identify a lncRNA (XLOC_028509), which is downregulated with Vibrio splendidus challenged, further study indicated that XLOC_028509 adsorb miR-2008 and miR-31 as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) through base complementarity, which in turn decreased the amount of miRNAs (microRNAs) bound to the 3’UTRs (untranslated regions) of mRNAs to reduce their inhibition of target gene translation. These data demonstrated that the lncRNAs of invertebrates might be important regulators in pathogen-host interactions by sponging miRNAs.

scholarly journals Sea Cucumber-Derived Peptides Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Neuroblastoma Cells and Improve Survival in C. elegans Exposed to Neurotoxic Paraquat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Meng Lu ◽  
Ajay Mishra ◽  
Chiara Boschetti ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Yushuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide

Oxidative stress results when the production of oxidants outweighs the capacity of the antioxidant defence mechanisms. This can lead to pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is considerable interest in compounds with antioxidant activity, including those from natural sources. Here, we characterise the antioxidant activity of three novel peptides identified in protein hydrolysates from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Under oxidative stress conditions, synthetic versions of the sea cucumber peptides significantly compensate for glutathione depletion, decrease mitochondrial superoxide levels, and alleviate mitophagy in human neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, orally supplied peptides improve survival of the Caenorhabditis elegans after treatment with paraquat, the latter of which leads to the production of excessive oxidative stress. Thus, the sea cucumber peptides exhibit antioxidant activity at both the cellular and organism levels and might prove attractive as nutritional supplements for healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Galactose-Binding C-Type Lectin Promotes Cellular Aggregation of Coelomocytes in Sea Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Taguchi ◽  
Chikaya Tanaka ◽  
Shigeyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Osamu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Cellular Aggregation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cellular Movement

Echinoderms have a large coelomic cavity containing coelomocytes. When the coelomic fluid is removed from the cavity, the cells aggregate immediately. We found that a fraction or an extract of the intestine of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, markedly accelerated cellular movement and aggregation on a glass slide, and this effect was clearly inhibited by galactose. We successfully purified the aggregation-promoting factor, a 16 kDa protein, from the intestine. TOF-MS analysis followed by de novo sequencing revealed that the protein is a C-type lectin. RNA-seq data and cDNA cloning demonstrated the factor to be a novel lectin, named AjGBCL, consisting of 158 aa residues in the mature form. Microscopic observation revealed that most of the aggregating cells moved toward aggregates and not to an intestinal fragment, suggesting that AjGBCL is not a chemoattractant but a cellular aggregation-inducing factor that may induce aggregates to release chemoattractant. We report, for the first time, an endogenous molecule that promotes coelomocyte aggregation in echinoderms.

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