scholarly journals Physiological and immunological responses of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during desiccation and subsequent resubmersion

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Hou ◽  
Zewei Jin ◽  
Wenwen Jiang ◽  
Liang Chi ◽  
Bin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Immune Parameters

Desiccation is one of the extremely stressful situations experienced by aquatic animals, and sea cucumber usually suffers from desiccation stress during transportation without water. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion on physiological stress, oxidative damage, antioxidant status and non-specific immune response of Apostichopus japonicus, providing valuable information on the health management of sea cucumber culturing. Control and desiccation groups were set up, and each group has three replicates. After 1, 3 and 6 h of desiccation, individuals were resubmersed in aerated seawater for a 24 h recovery in three batches, which were represented as D1, D3 and D6, respectively. The results showed that glucose level in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber significantly decreased after desiccation, whereas lactate, cortisol and osmolality showed remarkable ascending trends. Thereafter, all stress parameters gently recovered towards normal levels as control group during 24 h resubmersion. The prolonged desiccation at D6 treatment induced the significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, as well as relatively lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. During the period of desiccation and subsequent resubmersion, sea cucumber adjusted antioxidant defense to reduce the concentrations of MDA and ROS as a strategy for protecting against oxidative damage. Desiccation also had significant effects on non-specific immune parameters (total coelomocytes counts, TCC; complement C3; total nitric oxide synthase, T-NOS; lysozyme, LSZ; alkaline phosphatase, AKP) of A. japonicus, which could be recovered to some extent during resubmersion. In conclusion, less than 6 h of desiccation did not induce irreparable damage to sea cucumber, and was recommended for handling and shipping live sea cucumbers.

Seasonal variations of immune parameters in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Jiang ◽  
Zunchun Zhou ◽  
Ying Dong ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Immune Parameters

Antioxidant enzymes in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) during aestivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Fangyu ◽  
Yang Hongsheng Yang ◽  
Wang Xiaoyu ◽  
Xing Kun ◽  
Gao Fei
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
And Function

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant defence in coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus in aestivation was studied in the field from July to November 2006 in Qingdao. During the sampling period, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly in August and November. Activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione decreased significantly in August and increased significantly in November and activities of Se-glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in August. There were no significant differences in total glutathione peroxidase. In relation to the water temperature in the field, it is known that the oxygen consumption rate dropped and antioxidant defence was enhanced in August. The structure and function of respiratory trees of A. japonicus were completely vivified as normal in November, and it is suggested that antioxidant defence was enhanced because of the sharp change of oxygen consumption. Data indicate that both enzymatic and metabolite antioxidant defences in sea cucumber are adaptable systems that are modulated during pre-aestivating stage and arousing stage.

scholarly journals Effects of chronic dietary hexavalent chromium on bioaccumulation and immune responses in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qixia Chan ◽  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Lidong Shi ◽  
Xue Ren ◽  
Tongjun Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACTSea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (3.54 ± 0.01 g of wet weight) were exposed to five concentrations of dietary hexavalent chromium [0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg Cr6+/kg dry weight] amended with K2Cr2O7 for 30 days. The bioaccumulation and immune responses [antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); hydrolytic enzymes: acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP)] of sea cucumbers were subsequently evaluated. This study found that the order of Cr accumulation in the experimental tissues was respiratory tree > intestine > body wall. Significantly lower SOD activities occurred in the 400 mg/kg group compared to that in the control group. Higher dietary Cr6+ exposure (400 and 800 mg Cr6+ /kg dry weight) did not negatively alter the CAT activities, but significantly inhibited CAT activities in 100 mg/kg group, compared to control group. ACP activities in groups 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg were significantly lower than those in control group, while no significant differences occurred in AKP activities among groups. The present study provides important information into the bioaccumulation and immune responses of the sea cucumber A. japonicus in response to chronic dietary Cr6+ exposure.

scholarly journals Dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Haematology, Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Rugose Frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarika Thip-uten ◽  
Patcharaporn Tippayawat ◽  
Bundit Yuangsoi ◽  
Sutee Wongmaneeprateep
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Immune Parameters

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on the growth, survival, haematology, immune parameters and disease resistance of Rugose frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Frogs were fed a formulated diet containing Spirulina as 0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% for a period of eight weeks. The results indicated that growth parameters; final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate of frog fed with A. platensis at the level of 4.5% showed best values but not significantly different (P>0.05). However, haematological values; leukocytes, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, and haematocrit levels were highest and significantly different (P<0.05) when compared to the control group. Disease resistance was tested by challenging with A. hydrophila after eight weeks of feeding. The results showed that frog fed with 4.5% A. platensis showed significantly (P<0.05) higher survival rate and highest resistance to A. hydrophila in comparison with the other groups. Leukocyte, erythrocyte, complement C3, and immunoglobulin G levels of frogs fed with 4.5% A. platensis were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) differed compared with control. In conclusion, diet supplemented with Spirulina at the level of 4.5% could improve growth performance, haematological and immune parameters, and A. hydrophila resistance in Rugose frogs.

The experience of using Arthrospira platensis as a feed additive in the cultivation of juveniles of the Far Eastern sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Politaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Experimental Container ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Live Culture

The experience of using the culture of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis as an additive to feed when growing juveniles of the Far Eastern sea cucumber in aquarium conditions is described. The experimental food ration included live culture of spirulina, macroalgae, protein and stimulant supplements. There were no significant differences in the survival rates of individuals (experiment – 69.5%, control – 65.7%). The greatest increase in the mass of individuals was observed in the experimental container - by an average of 0.047 g. In the control group - an average of 0.009 g.

scholarly journals Galactose-Binding C-Type Lectin Promotes Cellular Aggregation of Coelomocytes in Sea Cucumber

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Taguchi ◽  
Chikaya Tanaka ◽  
Shigeyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Osamu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Cellular Aggregation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cellular Movement

Echinoderms have a large coelomic cavity containing coelomocytes. When the coelomic fluid is removed from the cavity, the cells aggregate immediately. We found that a fraction or an extract of the intestine of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, markedly accelerated cellular movement and aggregation on a glass slide, and this effect was clearly inhibited by galactose. We successfully purified the aggregation-promoting factor, a 16 kDa protein, from the intestine. TOF-MS analysis followed by de novo sequencing revealed that the protein is a C-type lectin. RNA-seq data and cDNA cloning demonstrated the factor to be a novel lectin, named AjGBCL, consisting of 158 aa residues in the mature form. Microscopic observation revealed that most of the aggregating cells moved toward aggregates and not to an intestinal fragment, suggesting that AjGBCL is not a chemoattractant but a cellular aggregation-inducing factor that may induce aggregates to release chemoattractant. We report, for the first time, an endogenous molecule that promotes coelomocyte aggregation in echinoderms.

Bacillus baekryungensis MS1 regulates the growth, non-specific immune parameters and gut microbiota of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Bingnan Liu ◽  
Wenming Zhou ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Immune Parameters

scholarly journals Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xishan Li ◽  
Guoxiang Liao ◽  
Zhonglei Ju ◽  
Chengyan Wang ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Chemical Dispersant ◽  
Respiratory Tree ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact of crude oil and chemical dispersants on sea cucumber is less well known. Hence, the present study focused on exploring the antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber following exposure to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), water-accommodated fractions (WAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman crude oil for 24 h. Results manifested that WAF exposure caused a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (5.29 ± 0.30 AU·mgprot−1), and the effect was much more obvious in CEWAF treatment (5.73 ± 0.16 AU·mgprot−1). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as an important biomarker of the antioxidant defense capacity, showed an increasing trend following WAF exposure (0.95 ± 0.12 U·mgprot−1) while a significant reduction in T-AOC was observed following CEWAF exposure (0.23 ± 0.13 U·mgprot−1). Moreover, we also evaluated the oxidative damage of the macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipid), and our results revealed that the presence of chemical dispersant enhanced oxidative damage caused by crude oil to sea cucumber.

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