Spawning characteristics of the pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
O.A. MATHISEN
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

scholarly journals Transhemispheric ecosystem disservices of pink salmon in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. E5038-E5045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Springer ◽  
Gus B. van Vliet ◽  
Natalie Bool ◽  
Mike Crowley ◽  
Peter Fullagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Disservices ◽  
The North Pacific

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the North Pacific Ocean have flourished since the 1970s, with growth in wild populations augmented by rising hatchery production. As their abundance has grown, so too has evidence that they are having important effects on other species and on ocean ecosystems. In alternating years of high abundance, they can initiate pelagic trophic cascades in the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and depress the availability of common prey resources of other species of salmon, resident seabirds, and other pelagic species. We now propose that the geographic scale of ecosystem disservices of pink salmon is far greater due to a 15,000-kilometer transhemispheric teleconnection in a Pacific Ocean macrosystem maintained by short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris), seabirds that migrate annually between their nesting grounds in the South Pacific Ocean and wintering grounds in the North Pacific Ocean. Over this century, the frequency and magnitude of mass mortalities of shearwaters as they arrive in Australia, and their abundance and productivity, have been related to the abundance of pink salmon. This has influenced human social, economic, and cultural traditions there, and has the potential to alter the role shearwaters play in insular terrestrial ecology. We can view the unique biennial pulses of pink salmon as a large, replicated, natural experiment that offers basin-scale opportunities to better learn how these ecosystems function. By exploring trophic interaction chains driven by pink salmon, we may achieve a deeper conservation conscientiousness for these northern open oceans.

Number of Circuli and Time of Annulus Formation on Scales of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Annulus Formation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Mean numbers of circuli on scales of juvenile pink salmon collected along the coast of North America in 1964 increased from 1.7 on June 23 to 17.4 on September 10. On scales of adults collected from the eastern North Pacific Ocean from 1962 to 1965, mean numbers of circuli ranged from 24.1 on January 23 (1964) to 46.9 on September 2 (1962). The fork length at time of scale formation was approximately 60 mm. Mean fork length increased with the total number of circuli. The relationship of fork length to number of scale circuli showed some variation between stocks. The winter ring was present or was being formed on the majority of scales taken in late January. The development of the annulus varied considerably among individual fish.

scholarly journals Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Irvine ◽  
Masa-aki Fukuwaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Trends

Abstract Irvine, J. R., and Fukuwaka, M. 2011. Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1122–1130. Understanding reasons for historical patterns in salmon abundance could help anticipate future climate-related changes. Recent salmon abundance in the northern North Pacific Ocean, as indexed by commercial catches, has been among the highest on record, with no indication of decline; the 2009 catch was the highest to date. Although the North Pacific Ocean continues to produce large quantities of Pacific salmon, temporal abundance patterns vary among species and areas. Currently, pink and chum salmon are very abundant overall and Chinook and coho salmon are less abundant than they were previously, whereas sockeye salmon abundance varies among areas. Analyses confirm climate-related shifts in abundance, associated with reported ecosystem regime shifts in approximately 1947, 1977, and 1989. We found little evidence to support a major shift after 1989. From 1990, generally favourable climate-related marine conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as expanding hatchery operations and improving hatchery technologies, are increasing abundances of chum and pink salmon. In the eastern North Pacific Ocean, climate-related changes are apparently playing a role in increasing chum and pink salmon abundances and declining numbers of coho and Chinook salmon.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Ruggerone ◽  
Randall M. Peterman ◽  
Brigitte Dorner ◽  
Katherine W. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Survival of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry to adulthood following a 10-day exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbon water-soluble fraction of crude oil and release to the Pacific Ocean

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
I K Birtwell ◽  
R Fink ◽  
D Brand ◽  
R Alexander ◽  
C D McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Saltwater-acclimated, coded-wire tagged, and adipose fin clipped pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) fry were exposed for 10 days to seawater (control) or 25-54 μg·L-1 (low dose) or 178-349 μg·L-1 (high dose) of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of North Slope crude oil. The WSF was composed primarily of monoaromatics and was acutely lethal to the fry: 96-h LC50 ranged from 1 to 2.8 mg·L-1. After exposure the fry (30 000 per treatment) were released into the Pacific Ocean to complete their life cycle. The experiment was replicated in 1990, 1991, and 1992. There was no consistent significant dose-dependent effect of the 10-day exposure to the crude oil WSF on growth of the pink salmon prior to their release. Adult pink salmon from this experiment were captured in fisheries and also recovered from their natal Quinsam River, British Columbia. Pink salmon from each treatment group were recovered in similar numbers. Exposure of populations of fry to the WSF of crude oil and release to the Pacfic Ocean did not result in a detectable effect on their survival to maturity. Fry from all treatment groups incurred typically high mortality following release, and there were no discernible effects on survival that were attributable to exposure to the WSF of crude oil.

Productivity and life history of sockeye salmon in relation to competition with pink and sockeye salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Ruggerone ◽  
Brendan M. Connors
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Factor

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations from Southeast Alaska through British Columbia to Washington State have experienced similar declines in productivity over the past two decades, leading to economic and ecosystem concerns. Because the declines have spanned a wide geographic area, the primary mechanisms driving them likely operate at a large, multiregional scale at sea. However, identification of such mechanisms has remained elusive. Using hierarchical models of stock–recruitment dynamics, we tested the hypothesis that competition between pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye salmon for prey has led to reduced growth and productivity and delayed maturation of up to 36 sockeye populations spanning the region during the past 55 years. Our findings indicate the abundance of North Pacific pink salmon in the second year of sockeye life at sea is a key factor contributing to the decline of sockeye salmon productivity, including sockeye in the Fraser River where an increase from 200 to 400 million pink salmon is predicted to reduce sockeye recruitment by 39%. Additionally, length-at-age of Fraser River sockeye salmon declined with greater sockeye and pink salmon abundance, and age at maturity increased with greater pink salmon abundance. Our analyses provide evidence that interspecific competition for prey can affect growth, age, and survival of sockeye salmon at sea.

Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

<em>Abstract.</em>—Limits to the capacity of the North Pacific Ocean to support salmon are suggested based on widespread observations of decreasing size and increasing age of salmon at maturation during time periods where the abundance of salmon has increased throughout the North Pacific rim. The increase in abundance of salmon is partially due to successful establishment of large-scale hatchery runs of chum salmon <em>Oncorhynchus keta </em>and pink salmon <em>O. gorbuscha</em>. The largest hatchery runs are chum salmon, and because of their long life span relative to the more abundant pink salmon, the increase in hatchery terminal run biomass under-represents the actual increase in salmon biomass. To put the increase in hatchery runs in perspective, the historical (since 1925) terminal runs and biomass of hatchery and wild pink, chum, and sockeye salmon <em>O. nerka </em>in the North Pacific Ocean were reconstructed. Various data sets of smolt releases from hatcheries, wild salmon estimates of smolt out-migrants, and subsequent adult returns by age and size were assembled. Age-structured models were fit to these data sets to estimate brood-year specific rates of natural mortality, growth, and maturation. The rates were then used to reconstruct total biomass of the “smolt data” stocks. The estimated ratio of terminal runs to total biomass estimated for the “smolt data” stocks were used to expand the historical time series of terminal run biomass on a species and area basis. The present total biomass (~4 million mt) of sockeye, chum, and pink salmon in the North Pacific Ocean is at historically high levels and is ~3.4 times the low levels observed in the early1970s. At least 38% of the recent ten-year average North Pacific salmon biomass is attributed to hatchery stocks of chum and pink salmon. Recent year terminal run biomass has been greater than the peak levels observed during the mid 1930s.

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