Forty years of vegetation change in former coppice-with-standards woodlands as a result of management change and N deposition

In a world in which reconstruction of the ‘natural’ does not necessarily result in the best outcomes for biodiversity, it is important to consider the implications of management change on faunal populations in protected areas, and on the future of the species that are most in need of protecting. On the old fields of Maria Island National Park, Tasmania we use vegetation data from exclosure plots and adjacent controls to reveal that current populations of native vertebrate herbivores prevent tree and shrub invasion of marsupial lawns and reduce the abundance of introduced plants. This maintenance of marsupial lawns may be less effective after an insurance population of the endangered marsupial carnivore, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii, is introduced to the island. Native vertebrate herbivores represent potential prey for the devils, impacting on grazing regimes and plant succession. Vegetation change is most likely to favour two threatened bird species, while reducing the prospects for the threatened Tasmanian Devil and potentially threatened Tasmanian Pademelon Thylogale billardierii.

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Models of vegetation change for landscape planning: a comparison of FETM, LANDSUM, SIMPPLLE, and VDDT

10.2737/rmrs-gtr-76 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T. M. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Change ◽

Landscape Planning

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Possible vegetation change in Mountain Altai under climate warming and compiling the prognosis maps

Geobotanical mapping ◽

10.31111/geobotmap/1998-2000.26 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

E. I. Parfenova ◽

N. M. Chebakova

Keyword(s):

Climate Warming ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Climate Change Scenario ◽

Change Scenario ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Vegetation Map ◽

Climatic Indices ◽

Bioclimatic Model ◽

Open Woodland ◽

Mountain Taiga

Global climate warming is expected to be a new factor influencing vegetation redistribution and productivity in the XXI century. In this paper possible vegetation change in Mountain Altai under global warming is evaluated. The attention is focused on forest vegetation being one of the most important natural resources for the regional economy. A bioclimatic model of correlation between vegetation and climate is used to predict vegetation change (Parfenova, Tchebakova 1998). In the model, a vegetation class — an altitudinal vegetation belt (mountain tundra, dark- coniferous subalpine open woodland, light-coniferous subgolets open woodland, dark-coniferous mountain taiga, light-coniferous mountain taiga, chern taiga, subtaiga and forest-steppe, mountain steppe) is predicted from a combination of July Temperature (JT) and Complex Moisture Index (CMI). Borders between vegetation classes are determined by certain values of these two climatic indices. Some bioclimatic regularities of vegetation distribution in Mountain Altai have been found: 1. Tundra is separated from taiga by the JT value of 8.5°C; 2. Dark- coniferous taiga is separated from light-coniferous taiga by the CMI value of 2.25; 3. Mountain steppe is separated from the forests by the CMI value of 4.0. 4. Within both dark-coniferous and light-coniferous taiga, vegetation classes are separated by the temperature factor. For the spatially model of vegetation distribution in Mountain Altai within the window 84 E — 90 E and 48 N — 52 N, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was used with a pixel of 1 km resolution. In a GIS Package IDRISI for Windows 2.0, climatic layers were developed based on DEM and multiple regressions relating climatic indices to physiography (elevation and latitude). Coupling the map of climatic indices with the authors' bioclimatic model resulted into a vegetation map for the region of interest. Visual comparison of the modelled vegetation map with the observed geobotanical map (Kuminova, 1960; Ogureeva, 1980) showed a good similarity between them. The new climatic indices map was developed under the climate change scenario with summer temperature increase 2°C and annual precipitation increase 20% (Menzhulin, 1998). For most mountains under such climate change scenario vegetation belts would rise 300—400 m on average. Under current climate, the dark-coniferous and light-coniferous mountain taiga forests dominate throughout Mountain Altai. The chern forests are the most productive and floristically rich and are also widely distributed. Under climate warming, light-coniferous mountain taiga may be expected to transform into subtaiga and forest-steppe and dark-coniferous taiga may be expected to transform partly into chern taiga. Other consequences of warming may happen such as the increase of forest productivity within the territories with sufficient rainfall and the increase of forest fire occurrence over territories with insufficient rainfall.

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ATMOSPHERIC N DEPOSITION TO THE COASTAL AREA OF THE BLACK SEA: SOURCES, INTRA-ANNUAL VARIATIONS AND IMPORTANCE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SURFACE LAYER

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b945160eed9.16985540 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alla Varenik ◽

Sergey Konovalov ◽

Sergey Konovalov

Keyword(s):

Primary Production ◽

Black Sea ◽

Marine Ecosystem ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

N Deposition ◽

Local Source ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Atmospheric N Deposition ◽

Urban Location

Atmospheric precipitations can be an important source of nutrients to open and coastal zones of marine ecosystem. Jickells [1] has published that atmospheric depositions can sup-port 5-25% of nitrogen required to primary production. Bulk atmospheric precipitations have been collected in a rural location at the Black Sea Crimean coast – Katsiveli settlement, and an urban location – Sevastopol city. Samples have been analyzed for inorganic fixed nitrogen (IFN) – nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Deposi-tions have been calculated at various space and time scales. The monthly volume weighted mean concentration of IFN increases from summer to winter in both locations. A significant local source of IFN has been revealed for the urban location and this source and its spatial influence have been quantified. IFN deposition with atmospheric precipitations is up to 5% of its background content in the upper 10 m layer of water at the north-western shelf of the Black Sea. Considering Redfield C:N ratio (106:16) and the rate of primary production (PP) in coastal areas of the Black Sea of about 100-130 g C m-2 year-1 we have assessed that average atmospheric IFN depositions may intensify primary production by 4.5% for rural locations, but this value is increased many-fold in urban locations due to local IFN sources.

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Energieholzproduktion in Mittel- und Nieder-wäldern der Schweiz | Energy Wood Production in Coppice With Standards and Coppice Forests in Switzerland

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.1999.0142 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. 142-147

Author(s):

Bettina Bally

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Economic Value ◽

Wood Production ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Energy Wood ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Energy Plantations ◽

Coppice With Standards

Coppice with standards and coppice forests are the result of silvicultural systems widely applied until the mid-twentieth century, mainly for fuel production. Similar to energy plantations in Scandinavia and Germany the above-mentioned systems are characterised by a short rotation. The present paper tries to show that, owing to efficient logging methods, energy wood can be produced from coppice and coppice with standards forests so cheaply that it proves to be highly competitive compared to oil. The economic value of coppice and coppice with standards was calculated on the basis of models and compared to high forest cultivation. Contrary to high forests, the coppice with standards system is cost-covering on poor, well developed and easily accessible sites.

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