Mowing influences community-level variation in resource-use strategies and flowering phenology along an ecological succession on Mediterranean road slopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane C. Bouchet ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Cheptou ◽  
François Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Level Variation

The roles of shifting and filtering in generating community-level flowering phenology

Ecography ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Craine ◽  
Elizabeth M. Wolkovich ◽  
E. Gene Towne
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Community Level

Flowering phenology and flower predation of Cullenia exarillata (Bombacaceae) by arboreal vertebrates in Western Ghats, India

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ganesh ◽  
Priya Davidar
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Annual Period

ABSTRACTThe flowering phenology and flower predation of Cullenia exarillata, a canopy tree at Kakachi in the southern Western Ghats, India, was studied from 1991 to 1993 in relation to general phenological patterns at the community level. Flowering was monitored from 30 marked trees and flower predation estimated from fallen flowers in 40, 1 m2 nets placed under the trees. Flowering occurs in the dry season and coincides with the period of fruit scarcity in the forest. Flowering is synchronous in the population and each tree produces a mean of c. 8730 flowers per tree over a period of c. 47 d. Flowers produced little nectar but the edible fleshy sepals compensated for this. Six species of arboreal mammals and seven species of birds ate the flowers. These consumed 57% of the flower crop of which 37% were completely destroyed. Flower predators could be important in flower fertilization. The overabundance of the flower crop and the timing of flowering, may have evolved as a strategy to satiate predators and enable the flowers to be pollinated during the annual period of fruit scarcity in the forest. This in turn makes Cullenia exarillata a possible keystone species in this forest.

Community-level flowering phenology and fruit set: Comparative study of 25 woody species in a secondary forest in Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Osada ◽  
Shinji Sugiura ◽  
Koji Kawamura ◽  
Michiko Cho ◽  
Hiroshi Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Community Level

scholarly journals 1498Community-level risk factors for birth size of child in selected developing countries (1992-2018): multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bawankule ◽  
Abhishek Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract Background We aimed to identify emerging community-level risk factors for birth size in the last two decades in developing countries, particularly in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria, having the highest burden of low birth weight (LBW) births globally. Methods We used data from multiple rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted throughout the last two decades in the selected countries. We applied multilevel binary logistic regression models and estimated the intra-correlation coefficient (ICC) and median odds ratio (MOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to analyze community-level variation in the birth size of child. Results The odds of having a smaller than average size birth increased by 1.28 times (95% CI: 1.11-1.79) in Bangladesh (2014), 3.03 times (95% CI: 2.90-3.18) in India (2015-16), 1.40 times (95% CI: 1.28-1.58) in Indonesia (2017) and 2.32 times (95% CI: 2.15-2.53) in Nigeria (2018) when women moved from low-risk to high-risk communities. The children residing in communities with a higher level of female illiteracy, higher level of inadequate antenatal care visits (ANC), higher use of unimproved toilet facilities were more likely to born with smaller than average birth size during 1992-2018. Conclusions The study confirms a significant community-level variation in smaller than average birth size among all analysed countries. Community with higher levels of female illiteracy, inadequate ANC visits, use of unimproved toilet facilities emerged as significant risk factors throughout the last two decades. Key messages The community-level risk factors have an independent association with the birth size of child regardless of individual-level characteristics of women and children.

Temporal variation of pollination classes in a tropical Venezuelan plain: the importance of habitats and life forms

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Pollination of a total of 155 plant species was evaluated monthly in relation to flowering phenology, habitats, and life forms in the Venezuelan Central Plain. The relationships between flowering phenology and pollinating agent classes and their abundance were evaluated. The total number of pollinating agent classes was significantly correlated with the number of plant species for habitats and life forms, and at the community level. The number of pollinating agent classes did not change statistically with respect to flowering phenology for life form, habitats, and overall community, but the number of pollinting agent classes increased from the dry season to the rainy season for overall community and habitats, except for forest. The abundance of pollinating agents was significantly affected by flowering time. A cluster analysis revealed that the abundance of pollinating agent classes differed throughout the year, separating the dry and rainy seasons. Two trends were found in the temporal pattern of the nine pollinating agents: (1) nonseasonal, in which flowering of bat- and bird-pollinated species did not change drastically throughout the year; and (2) seasonal, in which the number of bee-, butterfly-, fly-, wasp-, moth-, beetle-, and wind-pollinated species changed throughout the year, increasing from the dry to the rainy season at the community level. The number of pollinating bees, butterflies, flies, and wasps peaked during the dry season for trees and shrubs, and therefore for forest. The number of moth-pollinated species increased from the mid-dry season to the rainy season, with a peak during the dry–rainy transition period. Beetle- and wind-pollinated species are phenologically concentrated in the rainy season: beetle-pollinated species were mainly in the forest and forest–savanna transition, and wind-pollinated species were associated with herbaceous species in savanna and disturbed areas. The distribution of pollinating agents was affected by seasonality in habitats and life forms. Therefore, life form may be considered a proximate element, reducing interference in the pollination process at the community level.

scholarly journals Community-level signatures of ecological succession in natural bacterial communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pascual-García ◽  
Thomas Bell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ecological Strategies ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Atp Production

AbstractA central goal in microbial ecology is to simplify the extraordinary biodiversity that inhabits natural environments into ecologically coherent units. We present an integrative top-down analysis of over 700 bacterial communities sampled from water-filled beech tree-holes in the United Kingdom at distances between <5m to >100km, combining an analyses of community composition (16S rRNA sequencing) with assays of community functional capacity (exo-enzymatic activities, ATP production, CO2 dissipation and yield). The communities were grown in laboratory conditions in a complex growth medium, what allowed us to investigate the relationship between composition and function, excluding confounding environmental factors. We found a distance-decay trend in the similarity of the communities, and simulated data allowed us to reject the hypothesis that stochastic processes dominated the assembly of the communities, suggesting that niche effects prevailed. Consistent with this idea, clustering of communities lead us to identify six distinct community classes encompassing samples collected at often distant locations. Using structural equation modelling, we explored how functions were interrelated, demonstrating that a representative functional signature can be associated with each community class. We obtained a more mechanistic understanding of the classes using metagenomic predictions with PiCRUST. Notably, this approach allowed us to show that these classes contain distinct genetic repertoires reflecting community-level ecological strategies. We finally formulated an over-arching ecological hypothesis about how local conditions drive succession in these habitats. The ecological strategies resemble the classical distinction between r- and K-strategists and could be extrapolated to other systems, suggesting that a coarse grained picture of microbial ecological succession may be explained by relatively simple ecological mechanisms.

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