scholarly journals Underground deserts below fertility islands? Woody species desiccate lower soil layers in sandy drylands

Ecography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Tölgyesi ◽  
Péter Török ◽  
Alida Anna Hábenczyus ◽  
Zoltán Bátori ◽  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fertility Islands

scholarly journals Underground deserts below fertility islands? – Woody species desiccate lower soil layers in sandy drylands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Tolgyesi ◽  
Peter Torok ◽  
Alida Anna Habenczyus ◽  
Zoltan Batory ◽  
Valko Orsolya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Islands Of Fertility ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Regional Water

AbstractWoody plants in water-limited ecosystems affect their environment on multiple scales: locally, natural stands can create islands of fertility for herb layer communities compared to open habitats, but afforestation has been shown to negatively affect regional water balance and productivity. Despite these contrasting observations, no coherent multiscale framework has been developed for the environmental effects of woody plants in water-limited ecosystems. To link local and regional effects of woody species in a spatially explicit model, we simultaneously measured site conditions (microclimate, nutrient availability and topsoil moisture) and conditions of regional relevance (deeper soil moisture), in forests with different canopy types (long, intermediate and short annual lifetime) and adjacent grasslands in sandy drylands. All types of forests ameliorated site conditions compared to adjacent grasslands, although natural stands did so more effectively than managed ones. At the same time, all forests desiccated deeper soil layers during the vegetation period, and the longer the canopy lifetime, the more severe the desiccation in summer and more delayed the recharge after the active period of the canopy. We conclude that the site-scale environmental amelioration brought about by woody species is bound to co-occur with the desiccation of deeper soil layers, leading to deficient ground water recharge. This means that the cost of creating islands of fertility for sensitive herb layer organisms is an inevitable negative impact on regional water balance. The canopy type or management intensity of the forests affects the magnitude but not the direction of these effects. The outlined framework of the effects of woody species should be considered for the conservation, restoration, or profit-oriented use of forests as well as in forest-based carbon sequestration and soil erosion control projects in water-limited ecosystems.

scholarly journals Fertilizing and liming in a heather area of Norway

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S52-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Erstad
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Nardus Stricta ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Chemical Influence ◽  
Surface Spreading

In a 6 years’ field experiment in a podzolized heather area in Norway the effects of liming and P and Cu fertilization were tested versus changes in vegetation and soil chemistry. The vegetation altered slowly, particularly the woody species, but pronounced over years. Liming had a positive effect on all species except Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus, P tended to favour all except V. myrtillus, and Cu promoted all except Nardus stricta, V. oliginosum and V. myrtillus. Surface spreading of liming material and fertilizers caused distinct lime, phosphorus and copper effects and interactions in the soil litter layer. Liming markedly increased pH and Ca level and stimulated microbial activity, whilst the fertilizers increased P and Cu availability in soil. Cu fertilization counteracted a feared Cu deficiency when liming marginal soils. Gradually the changes penetrated into deeper soil layers. This strong chemical influence led the podzol into a cambisol cycle, characterized by retention of humus in the E layer, accompanied by a slight increase in pH, elevated levels of Kjeldahl-N, AL dissolved and exchangeable Ca, and in CEC and BS.

Conservation Priorities for Woody Species Used by a Quilombo Community on the Coast of Northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Fernando Vieira Rocha ◽  
Rita Baltazar de Lima ◽  
Denise Dias da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Conservation Priorities

FEATURES OF SALTS MIGRATION IN DELTAIC ECOSYSTEMS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
М. I. Dzhalalova ◽  
P. А. Abdurashidova ◽  
R. М. Zagidova
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Material Energy ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
Salinity Seawater

The coastal strip of the northwestern Caspian is characterized by hydromorphism and salinization processes which depending on the Caspian piled-up water, groundwater salinity, seawater, and salt composition of the underlying rocks. The migrational salts capability in deltoic ecosystem components in dynamic over the main representatives of pasture plants occurring in the Western Caspian and playing an important role in developing the theoretical foundations of a system of measures to increase the productivity of cover crop have studied. Salts migration from soil layers into plants which taking place in synthesis of material-energy and material resource of environment is one of the chains of bio-substrat links. The research results confirm the data that the ash elements stock in the ephemeral-absinthial group varies from 21.5 to 64.5 kg per 1 ha. The organogens prevail in them – 944 kg / ha, K is dominant, then Ca and Mg. The amount of halogens is 7.05 kg / ha, of which Cl portion includes 3.31 and Na – 2.80 kg / ha. In the ephemeral-absinthial group cenoses rather high values of aboveground phytomass are up to 50 centners / ha and the supply of ash elements (halogens 32.14 and organogens 36.18 mg-eq) is much higher compared to their content in soil (7.05 and 6, 31 mg-eq). In roots difference in quantity of organogens and halogens is insignificant – 2.03 and 2.04 mg-eq. We associate such differences with a greater proportion of absinthial in the aboveground phytomass composition

Diversité floristique spontanée des plantations de café et de cacao dans la forêt classée de Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire | Spontaneous floristic diversity of cocoa and coffee plantations in the classified forest of Monogaga, Côte d'Ivoire (reviewed paper)

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constant Yves Adou Yao ◽  
Edouard Kouakou N'Guessan
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
High Tree Density

The inventory and the analysis of the woody species preserved in the different categories of cocoa and coffee plantations showed that they are relatively diversified (presence of endemic, rare and threatened species). They also preserved high tree density and high basal areas. The young plantations are especially diversified. Their number of species,density and basal areas and diversity index are similar to those of the neighbouring old growth and secondary forests. Older plantations display a sharp decline of diversity over time. Agricultural practices in the region represent a threat in the medium term to the preservation of biodiversity.

POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Economic Use

This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.

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