GABA A receptor β 1 ‐subunit knock‐out mice show increased delta power in NREM sleep and decreased theta power in REM sleep

Abstract Introduction Structural MRI studies suggest delayed brain maturation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The steep adolescent decline in sleep slow wave EEG activity provides an opportunity to investigate brain electrophysiological evidence for this maturational delay. Most ADHD sleep EEG studies have been cross-sectional. Here we present data from an ongoing longitudinal study of the maturational trajectories of sleep EEG in drug-naïve ADHD and typically developing adolescents. Methods Nine children diagnosed with ADHD (combined subtype, DSM-V criteria, mean age 12.39±0.61 years), and nine typically developing controls (12.07±0.35 years) were recruited. Subjects underwent an adaptation night and all night polysomnography twice yearly at the Laboratory. Sleep EEG was analyzed using fast Fourier transform. NREM delta and theta EEG activity were compared across first two recordings. Results Group effects (ADHD vs. control) on all night delta and theta energy, and delta power were not significant (p>0.2 for all). All night theta power was lower (p=0.035) for the ADHD group, and all night NREM sleep duration trended (p=0.060) toward being lower for the ADHD group. Controlling for sleep duration differences by examining only the first 5 h of NREM sleep showed no group effect on delta power (p=0.77) and a trend toward lower theta power (p=0.057) for the ADHD group. Conclusion At age 12 to 13 years, NREM sleep delta EEG did not differ between ADHD and control subjects. Theta power, which declines at a younger age than delta, was lower in control subjects. The two recordings thus far differ only by 6 months. The entire study will provide 5 semiannual recordings and allow us to determine if the higher theta power in the ADHD group will hold and if delta power will be greater as well, and thus provide electrophysiological support for the delayed brain maturation suggested by MRI findings. Support Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation Grant FR17_94; Subjects Recruitment Support - Mental Health Service in Tbilisi “Kamara”.

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NMDAR activation regulates the daily rhythms of sleep and mood

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey S Burgdorf ◽

Martha H Vitaterna ◽

Christopher J Olker ◽

Eun Joo Song ◽

Edward P Christian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Behavioral Plasticity ◽

Activity Rhythm ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Symptom Burden ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Learning Task ◽

Delta Power ◽

Nmdar Activation

Abstract Study Objectives The present studies examine the effects of NMDAR activation by NYX-2925 diurnal rhythmicity of both sleep and wake as well as emotion. Methods Twenty-four-hour sleep EEG recordings were obtained in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats. In addition, the day–night cycle of both activity and mood was measured using home cage ultrasonic-vocalization recordings. Results NYX-2925 significantly facilitated non-REM (NREM) sleep during the lights-on (sleep) period, and this effect persisted for 3 days following a single dose in sleep-deprived rats. Sleep-bout duration and REM latencies were increased without affecting total REM sleep, suggesting better sleep quality. In addition, delta power during wake was decreased, suggesting less drowsiness. NYX-2925 also rescued learning and memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation, measured using an NMDAR-dependent learning task. Additionally, NYX-2925 increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, primarily by facilitating the transitions from sleep to rough-and-tumble play and back to sleep. In contrast to NYX-2925, the NMDAR antagonist ketamine acutely (1–4 hours post-dosing) suppressed REM and non-REM sleep, increased delta power during wake, and blunted the amplitude of the sleep-wake activity rhythm. Discussion These data suggest that NYX-2925 could enhance behavioral plasticity via improved sleep quality as well as vigilance during wake. As such, the facilitation of sleep by NYX-2925 has the potential to both reduce symptom burden on neurological and psychiatric disorders as well as serve as a biomarker for drug effects through restoration of sleep architecture.

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Multicomponent Analysis of Sleep Using Electrocortical, Respiratory, Autonomic and Hemodynamic Signals Reveals Distinct Features of Stable and Unstable NREM and REM Sleep

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.592978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Wood ◽

Matt Travis Bianchi ◽

Chang-Ho Yun ◽

Chol Shin ◽

Robert Joseph Thomas

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Slow Oscillation ◽

Rapid Eye Movement ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Delta Power ◽

High Loop

A new concept of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is proposed, that of multi-component integrative states that define stable and unstable sleep, respectively, NREMS, NREMUS REMS, and REMUS. Three complementary data sets are used: obstructive sleep apnea (20), healthy subjects (11), and high loop gain sleep apnea (50). We use polysomnography (PSG) with beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring, and electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis to demonstrate a bimodal, rather than graded, characteristic of NREM sleep. Stable NREM (NREMS) is characterized by high probability of occurrence of the <1 Hz slow oscillation, high delta power, stable breathing, blood pressure dipping, strong sinus arrhythmia and vagal dominance, and high frequency CPC. Conversely, unstable NREM (NREMUS) has the opposite features: a fragmented and discontinuous <1 Hz slow oscillation, non-dipping of blood pressure, unstable respiration, cyclic variation in heart rate, and low frequency CPC. The dimension of NREM stability raises the possibility of a comprehensive integrated multicomponent network model of NREM sleep which captures sleep onset (e.g., ventrolateral preoptic area-based sleep switch) processes, synaptic homeostatic delta power kinetics, and the interaction of global and local sleep processes as reflected in the spatiotemporal evolution of cortical “UP” and “DOWN” states, while incorporating the complex dynamics of autonomic-respiratory-hemodynamic systems during sleep. Bimodality of REM sleep is harder to discern in health. However, individuals with combined obstructive and central sleep apnea allows ready recognition of REMS and REMUS (stable and unstable REM sleep, respectively), especially when there is a discordance of respiratory patterns in relation to conventional stage of sleep.

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Intermittent hypoxia causes REM sleep deficits and decreases EEG delta power in NREM sleep in the C57BL/6J mouse

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2005.06.006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

V POLOTSKY ◽

A RUBIN ◽

A BALBIR ◽

T DEAN ◽

P SMITH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Intermittent Hypoxia ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Delta Power

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Homeostatic regulation of synaptic excitability: tonic GABA(A) receptor currents replace I(h) in cortical pyramidal neurons of HCN1 knock-out mice.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.2441956.2077055 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Johnston

Keyword(s):

Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Homeostatic Regulation ◽

Knock Out ◽

Gaba A ◽

Cortical Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Knock Out Mice

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0937 The Evaluation of Brain Maturation by REM Sleep Analyses During Puberty Using Fast Fourier Transform

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.933 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A356-A356

Author(s):

M Lopes ◽

S Roizenblatt

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Fast Fourier Transform ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Sleep Eeg ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Early Puberty ◽

Theta Power ◽

Delta Power

Abstract Introduction Brain maturation has been associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There is a higher delta power during sleep in the first decade of the human EEG and this fact might be related to puberty period. Most studies assessed EEG during wakefulness and NREM sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the REM sleep EEG spectral analysis across puberty. Methods Twenty healthy children were studied. They were divided into two groups: early puberty (n=10, ageranging from 6 to 12) and late puberty (n=10, age= ranging from 13 to 18). Polysomnography was performed in 2 nights, one for adaptation purpose. The Tanner scales were obtained and exclusion criteria were the presence of sleep and daytime complaints at least 14 days before recruitment. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed in C3-A2 derivation throughout all night. The FFT was calculated in 4s windows and the mean of delta (0.5-2.0 Hz), delta 2 (2.0-4.0 Hz), theta (4.0-8.0 Hz), alpha (8.0 - 12.0 Hz), sigma (12.0-16.0 Hz) and beta (16.0 - 20.0 Hz) were obtained. Results We found differences during NREM and REM sleep between two groups (U-test, p<0.05). In REM sleep, the delta 2 (U-test, p=0.02)and theta power were higher in early puberty group (U-test p=0.04). The delta power correlated negatively with the duration in minutes of stage 1 (rs=-0.46 p<0.05), and the wake time after sleep onset (rs=-0.48, p<0.05) and correlated positively with sleep efficiency (rs=0.45, p<0.05). Theta power during REM sleep also correlated positively with N3 sleep stage (rs=0.45, p<0.05). Conclusion The REM sleep can be an extremely useful biomarker of brain function for future therapeutic protocols. The present results suggest that there are changes in REM sleep EEG throughout puberty, and that they may be related to puberty brain maturation. The hormone therapy may have an action in the REM behavioral Sleep Disorder. Future studies are need to evaluate this hypothesis. Support N/A

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An attempt to identify reproducible high-density EEG markers of PTSD during sleep

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Sridhar Ramakrishnan ◽

Srinivas Laxminarayan ◽

Andrey Dovzhenok ◽

J David Cashmere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

High Density ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Significant Group ◽

Delta Power ◽

Regional Brain Activity

Abstract Study Objectives We examined electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power to study abnormalities in regional brain activity in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during sleep. We aimed to identify sleep EEG markers of PTSD that were reproducible across nights and subsamples of our study population. Methods Seventy-eight combat-exposed veteran men with (n = 31) and without (n = 47) PTSD completed two consecutive nights of high-density EEG recordings in a laboratory. We performed spectral-topographical EEG analyses on data from both nights. To assess reproducibility, we used the first 47 consecutive participants (18 with PTSD) for initial discovery and the remaining 31 participants (13 with PTSD) for replication. Results In the discovery analysis, compared with non-PTSD participants, PTSD participants exhibited (1) reduced delta power (1–4 Hz) in the centro-parietal regions during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and (2) elevated high-frequency power, most prominent in the gamma band (30–40 Hz), in the antero-frontal regions during both NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These findings were consistent across the two study nights, with reproducible trends in the replication analysis. We found no significant group differences in theta power (4–8 Hz) during REM sleep and sigma power (12–15 Hz) during N2 sleep. Conclusions The reduced centro-parietal NREM delta power, indicating reduced sleep depth, and the elevated antero-frontal NREM and REM gamma powers, indicating heightened central arousal, are potential objective sleep markers of PTSD. If independently validated, these putative EEG markers may offer new targets for the development of sleep-specific PTSD diagnostics and interventions.

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