Locomotory mode transitions alter phenotypic evolution and lineage diversification in an ecologically rich clade of mammals

Evolution ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Nations ◽  
Genevieve G. Mount ◽  
Sara M. Morere ◽  
Anang S. Achmadi ◽  
Kevin C. Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Mode Transitions ◽  
Locomotory Mode ◽  
Lineage Diversification

scholarly journals Little evidence for enhanced phenotypic evolution in early teleosts relative to their living fossil sister group

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (41) ◽  
pp. 11531-11536 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Clarke ◽  
Graeme T. Lloyd ◽  
Matt Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Jaw Mechanics ◽  
Phenotypic Diversification ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Lineage Diversification

Since Darwin, biologists have been struck by the extraordinary diversity of teleost fishes, particularly in contrast to their closest “living fossil” holostean relatives. Hypothesized drivers of teleost success include innovations in jaw mechanics, reproductive biology and, particularly at present, genomic architecture, yet all scenarios presuppose enhanced phenotypic diversification in teleosts. We test this key assumption by quantifying evolutionary rate and capacity for innovation in size and shape for the first 160 million y (Permian–Early Cretaceous) of evolution in neopterygian fishes (the more extensive clade containing teleosts and holosteans). We find that early teleosts do not show enhanced phenotypic evolution relative to holosteans. Instead, holostean rates and innovation often match or can even exceed those of stem-, crown-, and total-group teleosts, belying the living fossil reputation of their extant representatives. In addition, we find some evidence for heterogeneity within the teleost lineage. Although stem teleosts excel at discovering new body shapes, early crown-group taxa commonly display higher rates of shape evolution. However, the latter reflects low rates of shape evolution in stem teleosts relative to all other neopterygian taxa, rather than an exceptional feature of early crown teleosts. These results complement those emerging from studies of both extant teleosts as a whole and their sublineages, which generally fail to detect an association between genome duplication and significant shifts in rates of lineage diversification.

Microwave Non-Destructive Testing of Coatings and Paints Using Free Space Microwave Measurement

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Norhayati Hamzah ◽  
Deepak Kumar Ghodgaonkar ◽  
Kamal Faizin Che Kasim ◽  
Zaiki Awang
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Microwave Measurement ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Lens Antennas ◽  
Coatings And Paints ◽  
Microwave Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Mode Transitions ◽  
Diffraction Effects

Microwave nondestructive testing (MNDT) techniques are applied to evaluate quality of anti-corrosive protective coatings and paints on metal surfaces. A tree-space microwave measurement (FSMM) system is used for MNDT of protective coatings. The FSMM system consists of transmit and receive spot-focusing horn lens antennas, a vector network analyzer, mode transitions and a computer. Diffraction effects at the edges of the sample are minimized by using spot-focusing horn lens antennas. Errors due to multiple reflections between antennas are corrected by using free-space LRL (line, reflect, line) calibration technique. We have measured complex reflection coefficient of polyurethane based paint which is coated on brass plates.

scholarly journals Serial disparity in the carnivoran backbone unveils a complex adaptive role in metameric evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Figueirido ◽  
Alberto Martín-Serra ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Ramos ◽  
David Velasco ◽  
Francisco J. Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Adaptive Role ◽  
Shape Changes

AbstractOrganisms comprise multiple interacting parts, but few quantitative studies have analysed multi-element systems, limiting understanding of phenotypic evolution. We investigate how disparity of vertebral morphology varies along the axial column of mammalian carnivores — a chain of 27 subunits — and the extent to which morphological variation have been structured by evolutionary constraints and locomotory adaptation. We find that lumbars and posterior thoracics exhibit high individual disparity but low serial differentiation. They are pervasively recruited into locomotory functions and exhibit relaxed evolutionary constraint. More anterior vertebrae also show signals of locomotory adaptation, but nevertheless have low individual disparity and constrained patterns of evolution, characterised by low-dimensional shape changes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the thoracolumbar region as an innovation enabling evolutionary versatility of mammalian locomotion. Moreover, they underscore the complexity of phenotypic macroevolution of multi-element systems and that the strength of ecomorphological signal does not have a predictable influence on macroevolutionary outcomes.

scholarly journals Sensory‐based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lengxob Yong ◽  
Darren P. Croft ◽  
Jolyon Troscianko ◽  
Indar Ramnarine ◽  
Alastair Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Trait Space

scholarly journals Evolutionary origins of viviparity consistent with palaeoclimate and lineage diversification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Recknagel ◽  
Nicholas A. Kamenos ◽  
Kathryn. R. Elmer
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Lineage Diversification

scholarly journals Loss of consumers constrains phenotypic evolution in the resulting food web

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Barbour ◽  
Christopher J. Greyson‐Gaito ◽  
Arezoo Sotoodeh ◽  
Brendan Locke ◽  
Jordi Bascompte
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution

Phenotypic evolution and the genetic architecture underlying photoperiodic time measurement

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Bradshaw ◽  
Christina M Holzapfel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution

Experimental Research on Mode Transitions of Atmospheric Pressure Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong-Wei Yao ◽  
Zheng-Shi Chang ◽  
Hengchi Ma ◽  
Guimin Xu ◽  
Haibao Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Mode Transitions
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