scholarly journals Sensory‐based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lengxob Yong ◽  
Darren P. Croft ◽  
Jolyon Troscianko ◽  
Indar Ramnarine ◽  
Alastair Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Trait Space

scholarly journals Sex, Competition and Mimicry : an eco-evolutionary model reveals how ecological interactions shape the evolution of phenotypes in sympatry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boussens-Dumon Grégoire ◽  
Llaurens Violaine
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
The Impact

1AbstractPhenotypic evolution in sympatric species can be strongly impacted by species interactions, either mutualistic or antagonistic, which may favour local phenotypic divergence or convergence. Interspecific sexual interactions between sympatric species has been shown to favour phenotypic divergence of traits used as sexual cues for example. Those traits may also be involved in local adaptation or in other types of species interactions resulting in complex evolution of traits shared by sympatric species. Here we focus on mimicry and study how reproductive interference may impair phenotypic convergence between species with various levels of defences. We use a deterministic model assuming two sympatric species and where individuals can display two different warning colour patterns. This eco-evolutionary model explores how ecological interactions shape phenotypic evolution within sympatric species. We investigate the effect of (1) the opposing density-dependent selections exerted on colour patterns by predation and reproductive behaviour, and (2) the impact of relative species and phenotype abundances on the fitness costs faced by each individual depending on their species and phenotype. Our model shows that reproductive interference may limit the convergent effect of mimetic interactions and may promote phenotypic divergence between Müllerian mimics. The divergent and convergent evolution of traits also strongly depends on the relative species and phenotype abundances and levels of trophic competition, highlighting how the eco-evolutionary feedbacks between phenotypic evolution and species abundances may result in strikingly different evolutionary routes.

scholarly journals Integration drives rapid phenotypic evolution in flatfishes

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2101330118
Author(s):  
Kory M. Evans ◽  
Olivier Larouche ◽  
Sara-Jane Watson ◽  
Stacy Farina ◽  
María Laura Habegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Skull Shape ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Trait Space

Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, and have allowed the organisms that possess them to occupy novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these innovations are well documented, much less is known about how these innovations arise in the first place. Patterns of covariation among traits across macroevolutionary time can offer insights into the generation of innovation. However, to date, there is no consensus on the role that trait covariation plays in this process. The evolution of cranial asymmetry in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) from within Carangaria was a rapid evolutionary innovation that preceded the colonization of benthic aquatic habitats by this clade, and resulted in one of the most bizarre body plans observed among extant vertebrates. Here, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and a phylogenetic comparative toolkit to reconstruct the evolution of skull shape in carangarians, and quantify patterns of integration and modularity across the skull. We find that the evolution of asymmetry in flatfishes was a rapid process, resulting in the colonization of novel trait space, that was aided by strong integration that coordinated shape changes across the skull. Our findings suggest that integration plays a major role in the evolution of innovation by synchronizing responses to selective pressures across the organism.

scholarly journals Sensory-based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals nonparallel phenotypic evolution across an ecological transition in multivariate trait space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lengxob Yong ◽  
Darren P. Croft ◽  
Jolyon Troscianko ◽  
Indar Ramnarine ◽  
Alastair Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Selective Agents ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Trait Space

ABSTRACTParallel evolution, in which independent populations evolve along similar phenotypic trajectories, offers insights into the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Here, we revisit a classic example of parallelism, that of repeated evolution of brighter males in the Trinidadian guppy. In guppies, colonisation of low predation habitats is associated with emergence of ‘more colourful’ phenotypes since predator-induced viability selection for crypsis weakens while sexual selection by female preference for conspicuity remains strong. Our study differs from previous investigations in three respects. First, we adopt a multivariate phenotyping approach to characterise parallelism in multi-trait space. Second, we use ecologically-relevant colour traits defined by the visual systems of the two selective agents (i.e. guppy, predatory cichlid). Third, we estimate population genetic structure to test for adaptive (parallel) evolution against a model of neutral phenotypyc divergence. We find strong phenotypic differentiation that is inconsistent with a neutral model, but only limited support for the predicted pattern of greater conspicuity at low predation. Effects of predation regime on each trait were in the expected direction, but weak, largely non-significant, and explained little among-population variation. In multi-trait space, phenotypic trajectories of lineages colonising low from high predation regimes were not parallel. Our results are consistent with reduced predation risk facilitating adaptive differentiation by female choice, but suggest that this proceeds in (effectively) independent directions of multi-trait space across lineages. Pool-sequencing data also revealed SNPs showing greater differentiation than expected under neutrality and/or associations with known colour genes in other species, presenting opportunities for future genetic study.

scholarly journals Dog colour patterns explained by modular promoters of ancient canid origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danika L. Bannasch ◽  
Christopher B. Kaelin ◽  
Anna Letko ◽  
Robert Loechel ◽  
Petra Hug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Haplotype Combination ◽  
Regulatory Modules ◽  
Regulatory Module ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Colour Patterns

AbstractDistinctive colour patterns in dogs are an integral component of canine diversity. Colour pattern differences are thought to have arisen from mutation and artificial selection during and after domestication from wolves but important gaps remain in understanding how these patterns evolved and are genetically controlled. In other mammals, variation at the ASIP gene controls both the temporal and spatial distribution of yellow and black pigments. Here, we identify independent regulatory modules for ventral and hair cycle ASIP expression, and we characterize their action and evolutionary origin. Structural variants define multiple alleles for each regulatory module and are combined in different ways to explain five distinctive dog colour patterns. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the haplotype combination for one of these patterns is shared with Arctic white wolves and that its hair cycle-specific module probably originated from an extinct canid that diverged from grey wolves more than 2 million years ago. Natural selection for a lighter coat during the Pleistocene provided the genetic framework for widespread colour variation in dogs and wolves.

scholarly journals Serial disparity in the carnivoran backbone unveils a complex adaptive role in metameric evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Figueirido ◽  
Alberto Martín-Serra ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Ramos ◽  
David Velasco ◽  
Francisco J. Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Adaptive Role ◽  
Shape Changes

AbstractOrganisms comprise multiple interacting parts, but few quantitative studies have analysed multi-element systems, limiting understanding of phenotypic evolution. We investigate how disparity of vertebral morphology varies along the axial column of mammalian carnivores — a chain of 27 subunits — and the extent to which morphological variation have been structured by evolutionary constraints and locomotory adaptation. We find that lumbars and posterior thoracics exhibit high individual disparity but low serial differentiation. They are pervasively recruited into locomotory functions and exhibit relaxed evolutionary constraint. More anterior vertebrae also show signals of locomotory adaptation, but nevertheless have low individual disparity and constrained patterns of evolution, characterised by low-dimensional shape changes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the thoracolumbar region as an innovation enabling evolutionary versatility of mammalian locomotion. Moreover, they underscore the complexity of phenotypic macroevolution of multi-element systems and that the strength of ecomorphological signal does not have a predictable influence on macroevolutionary outcomes.

Locomotory mode transitions alter phenotypic evolution and lineage diversification in an ecologically rich clade of mammals

Evolution ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Nations ◽  
Genevieve G. Mount ◽  
Sara M. Morere ◽  
Anang S. Achmadi ◽  
Kevin C. Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Mode Transitions ◽  
Locomotory Mode ◽  
Lineage Diversification

scholarly journals An index for measuring functional extension and evenness in trait space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Grant M. Domke ◽  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Jeremy W. Lichstein
Keyword(s):  
Functional Extension ◽  
Trait Space

scholarly journals Loss of consumers constrains phenotypic evolution in the resulting food web

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Barbour ◽  
Christopher J. Greyson‐Gaito ◽  
Arezoo Sotoodeh ◽  
Brendan Locke ◽  
Jordi Bascompte
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution

Phenotypic evolution and the genetic architecture underlying photoperiodic time measurement

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Bradshaw ◽  
Christina M Holzapfel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution

scholarly journals Female butterflies prefer males bearing bright iridescent ornamentation

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1613) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell J Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Female Mate ◽  
Wing Colour ◽  
Enclosure Experiments ◽  
Colour Patterns

Butterflies are among nature's most colourful animals, and provide a living showcase for how extremely bright, chromatic and iridescent coloration can be generated by complex optical mechanisms. The gross characteristics of male butterfly colour patterns are understood to function for species and/or sex recognition, but it is not known whether female mate choice promotes visual exaggeration of this coloration. Here I show that females of the sexually dichromatic species Hypolimnas bolina prefer conspecific males that possess bright iridescent blue/ultraviolet dorsal ornamentation. In separate field and enclosure experiments, using both dramatic and graded wing colour manipulations, I demonstrate that a moderate qualitative reduction in signal brightness and chromaticity has the same consequences as removing the signal entirely. These findings validate a long-held hypothesis, and argue for the importance of intra- versus interspecific selection as the driving force behind the exaggeration of bright, iridescent butterfly colour patterns.

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