scholarly journals Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-453
Author(s):  
Lukas Kohl ◽  
Allison Myers‐Pigg ◽  
Kate A. Edwards ◽  
Sharon A. Billings ◽  
Jamie Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Layer

Organic matter and nutrient dynamics of the litter layer on a forest Rendzina under beech

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Joergensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Litter Layer

From the litter layer to the saprolite: Chemical changes in water-soluble soil organic matter and their correlation to microbial community composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Gabor ◽  
Kathryn Eilers ◽  
Diane M. McKnight ◽  
Noah Fierer ◽  
Suzanne P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Chemical Changes

scholarly journals Scots pine Pinus sylvestris mortality after surface fire in oligotrophic pine forest Peucedano-Pinetum in Kampinos National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Piotr T. Zaniewski ◽  
Leszek Bolibok ◽  
Mateusz Piątkowski ◽  
Andrzej Szczepkowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Organic Horizon ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
The Third

Abstract Pines are generally fire-resistant trees. There is a shortage of research on the behaviour of Scots pine after surface fire in older stands. The aim of the work was to describe the effect of the surface fire intensity on the mortality of pines of various diameter at breast height (DBH), including older trees. The research was conducted in Peucedano-Pinetum oligotrophic Scots-pine forest in Kampinos National Park (KPN, central Poland) on the area of two adjacent surface fire sites originated in spring 2015 in 60- to 200-year-old stands (site area: 10,92 ha). There were 45 (28 burned and 17 control) permanent plots established after the fire. The share of not burned, superficially burned and completely burnout organic horizon of the soil was determined within all of them. DBH and location of pine trees were measured within all of the plots on the area of 200 m2. For all of the trees for which full information about soil organic horizon damage was mapped, the prevailing type of disturbance in their close neighbourhoods with radii of 1 and 2 m was assessed. The mortality of trees was assessed after each vegetation period up to 2017, basing on the presence of green needles on the trees. The influence of fire intensity on the survival of trees was examined on whole permanent plot level as well as on individual tree level. Strong linear correlation was observed between Scots pine mortality and the share of plots area with damaged organic layer, especially at the end of the third vegetation period after fire. Logistic regression models constructed for individual trees suggest that bigger tree diameter (hence, thicker bark) diminished the odds of mortality only after two vegetation periods from the fire. After the third vegetation period, only the intensity of surface fire in the close neighbourhood of trees influenced (negatively) the chance on survival. The size of trees did no matter in this case. Nearly all of the trees that were located within burnout organic matter areas died. The results did not support the commonly known mechanism of enhancement of bigger Scots pine tree survival after surface fire because of thicker bark responsible for heat protection. Probably, the main cause of observed mortality was not overheating of cambium but it was rather connected to massive fine root loses. Scots pines growing on oligotrophic arid sites modify their root system to explore topsoil layers with higher proportion of shallow roots, growing even in organic litter layer. This corresponds with massive (regardless of size) pine mortality within sites characterised by complete burnout of organic matter layer and very high survival in those ones with only surfacely burned litter layer. The results can improve the assessment of surface fires consequences in managed Scots pine stands growing in oligotrophic conditions.

scholarly journals Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kohl ◽  
Allison Myers-Pigg ◽  
Kate A. Edwards ◽  
Sharon A. Billings ◽  
Jamie Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Litter Chemistry ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Decomposer Community ◽  
Litter Nitrogen

<p>Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub> values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub>). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic‐C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O‐alkyl‐C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass δ<sup>13</sup>C values and <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.</p>

A model of litterfall, litter layer losses and mass transfer in a humid tropical forest at Pernambuco, Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio ◽  
Attilio Dall'Olio ◽  
Katia Smera Nunes ◽  
Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Humid Tropical Forest ◽  
Fallen Leaves

ABSTRACTData on litterfall, litter layers accumulated on top of the mineral soil and layer mineralization collected for three years in a tropical rain forest at Pernambuco, Brazil, were implemented on a simulation model. Litterfall was collected biweekly using 11 collectors 1 × 1 m. Every three months, 20 litter mat samples, 0.5 × 0.5 m, were collected, divided into the L, F and H layers and the CO2 evolution from each litter layer was determined in the laboratory. Litterfall, in the three years, averaged 7.8, 8.3 and 8.2 Mg ha-1 y-1, most of it leaves. Litter mat masses varied widely from place to place (15–90 Mg ha-1) and the overall averages were 5.6, 7.6 and 26.1 Mg ha-1 for the L, F and H layers, with CO2 evolution averages of 2.27, 0.507 and 0.123 mgC g litter C-1 day-1. According to the model, the L layer had a high turnover rate, losing 4.7 Mg ha-1 y-1 through mineralization and 3.4 Mg ha-1 y-1 transferred to the F layer. Values for the F and H layers were 1.4 and 1.2 mineralized and 2.0 and 0.8 Mg ha-1 y-1 transferred. Thus, it would take 2.1, 6.7 and 39 years for newly fallen leaves to be mostly fragments, to be transformed to humus and to be incorporated to the soil organic matter, respectively. Variations of litterfall throughout the three years would have little effect on the system which was not very sensitive to litterfall changes, except for the top layer.

scholarly journals Relevance of aboveground litter for soil organic matter formation – a soil profile perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099-3113
Author(s):  
Patrick Liebmann ◽  
Patrick Wordell-Dietrich ◽  
Karsten Kalbitz ◽  
Robert Mikutta ◽  
Fabian Kalks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aboveground Litter

Abstract. In contrast to mineral topsoils, in subsoils the origin and processes leading to the formation and stabilization of organic matter (OM) are still not well known. This study addresses the fate of litter-derived carbon (C) in whole soil profiles with regard to the conceptual cascade model, which proposes that OM formation in subsoils is linked to sorption–microbial processing–remobilization cycles during the downward migration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our main objectives were to quantify the contribution of recent litter to subsoil C stocks via DOC translocation and to evaluate the stability of litter-derived OM in different functional OM fractions. A plot-scale stable isotope-labeling experiment was conducted in a temperate beech forest by replacing the natural litter layer with 13C enriched litter on an area of 20 m2 above a Dystric Cambisol. After 22 months of field exposure, the labeled litter was replaced again by natural litter and soil cores were drilled down to 180 cm soil depth. Water extraction and density fractionation were combined with stable isotope measurements in order to link the fluxes of recent litter-derived C to its allocation into different functional OM fractions. A second sampling was conducted 18 months later to further account for the stability of translocated young litter-derived C. Almost no litter-derived particulate OM (POM) entered the subsoil, suggesting root biomass as the major source of subsoil POM. The contribution of aboveground litter to the formation of mineral-associated OM (MAOM) in topsoils (0–10 cm) was 1.88±0.83 g C m−2 and decreased to 0.69±0.19 g C m−2 in the upper subsoil (10–50 cm) and 0.01±0.02 g C m−2 in the deep subsoil >100 cm soil depth during the 22 months. This finding suggests a subordinate importance of recent litter layer inputs via DOC translocation to subsoil C stocks, and implies that most of the OM in the subsoil is of older age. Smaller losses of litter-derived C within MAOM of about 66 % compared to POM (77 %–89 %) over 18 months indicate that recent carbon can be stabilized by interaction with mineral surfaces; although the overall stabilization in the sandy study soils is limited. Our isotope-labeling approach supports the concept of OM undergoing a sequence of cycles of sorption, microbial processing, and desorption while migrating down a soil profile, which needs to be considered in models of soil OM formation and subsoil C cycling.

scholarly journals Relevance of aboveground litter for soil organic matter formation – a soil profile perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Liebmann ◽  
Patrick Wordell-Dietrich ◽  
Karsten Kalbitz ◽  
Robert Mikutta ◽  
Fabian Kalks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aboveground Litter

Abstract. In contrast to mineral topsoils, the origin and processes leading to the formation and stabilization of organic matter (OM) in subsoils is still not well known. This study addresses the fate of litter-derived carbon (C) in whole soil profiles with regard to the conceptual cascade model, which proposes that OM formation in subsoils is linked to sorption-microbial processing-remobilization cycles during the downward migration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Our main objectives were to quantify the contribution of recent litter to subsoil C stocks via DOC movement and to evaluate the stability of litter-derived OM in different functional OM fractions. A plot-scale stable isotope labeling experiment was conducted in a temperate beech forest by replacing the natural litter layer with 13C enriched litter on an area of 20 m2 above a Dystric Cambisol. After 22 months of field exposure, the labeled litter was replaced again by natural litter and soil cores were drilled down to 180 cm soil depth. Water extraction and density fractionation were combined with stable isotope measurements in order to link the fluxes of recent litter-derived C to its allocation into different functional OM fractions. A second sampling was conducted 18 months later to further account for the stability of translocated young litter-derived C. Almost no litter-derived particulate OM (POM) entered the subsoil, suggesting root biomass as the major source of subsoil POM. The contribution of aboveground litter to the formation of mineral-associated OM (MAOM) in topsoils (0–10 cm) was 0.99 ± 0.45 g C m−2 yr−1, and decreased to 0.37 ± 0.10 g C m−2 yr−1 in the upper subsoil (10–50 cm) and 0.01 ± 0.01 g C m−2 yr−1 in the deep subsoil > 100 cm soil depth. This finding suggests a subordinate importance of recent litter layer inputs via DOC translocation to subsoil C stocks, and implies that most of the OM in the subsoil is of older age. Smaller losses of litter-derived C within MAOM of about 66 % compared to POM (77–89 %) indicate that recent carbon can be stabilized by interaction with mineral surfaces; although the overall stabilization in the sandy study soils was low. Our isotope labeling approach supports the concept of OM undergoing a sequence of cycles of sorption, microbial processing, and desorption while migrating down a soil profile, which needs to be considered in models on soil OM formation and subsoil C cycling.

ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS OF THE LITTER LAYER ON A TWO CHESTNUT STANDS IN HONFRIA AREA, SPAIN

2005 ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
S. Salazar ◽  
I. Santa Regina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Litter Layer

Impacts on soil organic matter quantity and composition of a prescribed fire in a eucalypt forest (Sydney, Australia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Santin ◽  
Agustin Merino ◽  
Parvaneh Sayyad-Amin ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sydney Australia

<p>In this presentation, we will assess the direct impacts of a prescribed fire on the quantity and composition of organic matter in oligotrophic soils of a dry eucalypt forest (Warragamba, Sydney, Australia). Samples of the litter layer and surface soils horizons (Oa and Ah) were collected immediately before and after the fire. The prescribed fire was carried out September 2014 and was classified of moderate to high severity. In addition to litter and soil, samples of ash (burnt litter) were also collected after the fire.  In order to monitor the temperatures reached by the different soil organic matter pools during the fire, we installed thermologgers at the litter layer (n=30), the surface of the Oa soil horizon (n = 9), and at 1 cm depth within the Ah soil horizon (n =4). All samples were characterized by elemental analysis (total carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and, a selected subset by solid-state <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance. The observed changes in quantity and characteristics of the different organic matter pools will be discussed and the relationships between these changes and the temperatures recorded during the burn explored.</p>

New species of dictyostelid cellular slime moulds from Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Landolt ◽  
James C. Cavender ◽  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
Eduardo M. Vadell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Slime Moulds ◽  
Canopy Soil ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Cellular Slime Moulds

During the 2001–2006 field seasons, samples for isolation of dictyostelid cellular slime moulds were collected at several localities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Victoria. The majority of these samples were collected from the soil–litter layer on the ground, but some additional samples were obtained from the layer of organic matter (‘canopy soil’) associated with the bases of vascular epiphytes on the trunks and branches of trees in the tropical forests of northern Queensland. Many of the forms recovered from these samples could be assigned to described taxa, including such cosmopolitan species as Dictyostelium mucoroides, Polysphondylium pallidum, P. violaceum and D. giganteum. However, several others appear to represent new species, and eight of these (D. boomeransporum, D. flexuosum, D. granulosum, D. myxobasis, D. radiculatum, D. rotatum, P. australicum and P. stolonicoideum) are described herein. The large number of apparently undescribed forms suggests that the dictyostelid biota of Australia is relatively distinct when compared with that of any other continent.

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