Organic matter and nutrient dynamics of the litter layer on a forest Rendzina under beech

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Joergensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Litter Layer

ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS OF THE LITTER LAYER ON A TWO CHESTNUT STANDS IN HONFRIA AREA, SPAIN

2005 ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
S. Salazar ◽  
I. Santa Regina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Litter Layer

Dietary condensed tannins in bovine faeces and effects on soil microbial dynamics: are there environmental benefits for cattle production systems?

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Gisele M. Fagundes ◽  
Gabriela Benetel ◽  
Mateus M. Carriero ◽  
Ricardo L. M. Sousa ◽  
Kelly C. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Context Plant bioactive compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) are seen as an alternative to rumen chemical modulators to mitigate rumen methanogenesis in livestock; however, the presence of CT in ruminant faeces also produces a series of changes in soil microbiomes. Little is known about these effects on soil nutrient dynamics. Therefore, whether CT affect the decomposition process of faecal organic matter, delaying it and consequently increasing soil carbon and nitrogen (N) sequestration, merits study. Aims Our study investigated the effects of a diet rich in CT on bovine faecal composition and on subsequent dynamics of a soil microbial population. Methods Faeces were analysed from cattle fed the following diets: control (no CT), 1.25% CT, 2.5% CT. In a greenhouse pot experiment over a period of 60 days, faeces from the three dietary treatments were applied to soil and the soil microbial populations were measured against a control with no faeces applied. Key results The presence of CT increased the excretion of faecal N and of neutral and acid detergent fibres and lignin, and the higher rate of CT reduced the rate of soil organic matter decomposition. Treatments with dietary CT resulted in greater total numbers of bacteria in the soil than in the no-faeces control and stimulated numbers of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria) and Firmicutes. Conclusions The study showed that CT alter N recycling and other nutrient inputs in a soil–animal ecosystem by increasing faecal N inputs, delaying organic matter breakdown, and changing soil microbial dynamics. Implications The presence of CT in ruminant diets can be beneficial to the soil environment. Sustainable management practices should be encouraged by providing ruminants with feed including high-CT legumes in silvopastoral systems.

SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS

2013 ◽  
pp. 425-444
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics

scholarly journals Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-453
Author(s):  
Lukas Kohl ◽  
Allison Myers‐Pigg ◽  
Kate A. Edwards ◽  
Sharon A. Billings ◽  
Jamie Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Layer

scholarly journals Effect of forest tree species on the humus form state at lower altitudes 

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
J. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Humus Form ◽  
Humus Accumulation

  The paper documents the effects of forest stands of different species composition on the humus form state and soil profile chemistry. It compares the situation in mixed broadleaved (ash, oak, hornbeam), basswood and spruce stands. Spruce demonstrates the site degradation effects: raw humus accumulation, soil acidification, negative effects on nutrient dynamics. Both broadleaved stands were similar as for site effects, lower litter accumulation, more rapid organic matter mineralization and more rapid nutrient cycling and intense uptake were documented in the basswood stand.  

Understanding Effects of OAE 2 in the Marginal-marine Environment: A Multi-proxy approach from Bagh Beds, Western India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Ranjan Sahu ◽  
Sohom Roy ◽  
Prasanta Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Western India ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Carbon Reservoir

<p>The Cenomanian-Turonian (C/T) Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) at ~94 million years ago was characterized by severe depletion in marine water oxygen levels and extreme perturbations in the carbon cycle at a global scale that lasted for 5 to 6-million years. However, wealth of the data comes mainly from deep marine records, hugely limiting our understanding on the contemporaneous terrestrial environmental conditions. Here, we present major and trace element concentrations, carbon isotope composition of carbonates (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>) and organic matter (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk</sub>), organic carbon content (TOC), and biomarker composition from a ~20 m thick well-preserved shallow marine sequence from the Bagh Beds in Uchad, western India in order to investigate the nutrient dynamics, productivity variations and carbon reservoir perturbations in shallow marine as well as in terrestrial environment. Based on litho-stratigraphy, the Uchad section is divided into Lower Cenomanian, Turonian and Upper Coniacian units. A total of ~5‰ increase in the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and 0.07% in TOC values and a sharp 1.7‰ decrease in the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk </sub>values in Lower Cenomanian suggest large changes in organic carbon recycling before the advent of OAE 2. Higher terrigenous influx and micro-nutrient supply in the lower parts is also suggested from relatively higher concentrations of Al, Ti, Th, Fe, Zn, Ni and K, although their concentrations decrease rapidly above the C/T boundary. Significant correlation observed between δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>bulk</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> (r=0.51, p=0.03) supports an authigenic organic matter production in the shallow marine environment. However, minor enrichments in redox-sensitive elements like Mo, V and U observed above the C/T boundary probably suggest that the shallow marine region was relatively less affected during the initial anoxic phases. Lack of correlation between redox-sensitive elements and Al or Ti concentrations (r <0.12) suggest that there is minimal influence of detrital supply on recycling of U, V and Mo. Interestingly, Lower Turonian units show large positive excursions in redox-sensitive elements as well as increases in U/Th, Ni/Co and V/(V+Ni) values, which are succeeded by a major decrease in δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb </sub>values (7.6‰) and increase in the TOC values by 0.15%, thereby suggesting occurrence of a more expanded episode of anoxia in Lower Turonian that perturbed the shallow marine carbon reservoir. Ba/Al ratios are variable throughout the section, although large positive spikes preceding and succeeding the anoxic phases suggest a causal link between organic matter productivity and anoxia.</p>

Characterising the sources and fate of dissolved organic matter in Shark Bay, Australia: a preliminary study using optical properties and stable carbon isotopes

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaelin M. Cawley ◽  
Yan Ding ◽  
James Fourqurean ◽  
Rudolf Jaffé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Freshwater Inputs

Low latitude, seagrass-dominated coastal bays, such as Shark Bay, Australia, are potential sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to coastal regions. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is known to influence aquatic nutrient dynamics, microbial community structure, and depth of light penetration in estuarine systems. Shark Bay is a sub-tropical ecosystem with limited freshwater inputs and restricted tidal flushing. As such, much of the DOM is expected to be seagrass-derived. However, combining excitation/emission fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARFAC) with 13C stable isotope analysis of DOM, we found evidence for DOM inputs from terrestrial (riverine and possibly groundwater), autochthonous plankton, macroalgae, and seagrass sources. Isotopic analysis of 13C in DOM supports the idea that seagrass inputs contribute substantially to the DOM pool in Shark Bay, whereas, EEM-PARAFAC data suggests that much of this input is derived from decomposing seagrass detritus and to a lesser extent due to exudation during primary production. We also report increases in DOM concentrations and changes in DOM characteristics with increasing salinity in surface water samples, indicating that evaporation is an important control on DOM concentration and photo-degradation may play a critical role in transforming DOM within the system.

Role of phyllosphere fungi of forest trees in the development of decomposer fungal communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Osono
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi

The ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi of forest trees is reviewed with special emphasis on the development of decomposer fungal communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter. A total of 41 genera of phyllosphere fungi have been reported to occur on leaf litter of tree species in 19 genera. The relative proportion of phyllosphere fungi in decomposer fungal communities ranges from 2% to 100%. Phyllosphere fungi generally disappear in the early stages of decomposition, although a few species persist until the late stages. Phyllosphere fungi have the ability to utilize various organic compounds as carbon sources, and the marked decomposing ability is associated with ligninolytic activity. The role of phyllosphere fungi in the decomposition of soluble components during the early stages is relatively small in spite of their frequent occurrence. Recently, the roles of phyllosphere fungi in the decomposition of structural components have been documented with reference to lignin and cellulose decomposition, nutrient dynamics, and accumulation and decomposition of soil organic matter. It is clear from this review that several of the common phyllosphere fungi of forest trees are primarily saprobic, being specifically adapted to colonize and utilize dead host tissue, and that some phyllosphere fungi with marked abilities to decompose litter components play important roles in decomposition of structural components, nutrient dynamics, and soil organic matter accumulation.Key words: carbon cycle, community, endophyte, epiphyte, succession.

From the litter layer to the saprolite: Chemical changes in water-soluble soil organic matter and their correlation to microbial community composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Gabor ◽  
Kathryn Eilers ◽  
Diane M. McKnight ◽  
Noah Fierer ◽  
Suzanne P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Chemical Changes

scholarly journals Scots pine Pinus sylvestris mortality after surface fire in oligotrophic pine forest Peucedano-Pinetum in Kampinos National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburski ◽  
Piotr T. Zaniewski ◽  
Leszek Bolibok ◽  
Mateusz Piątkowski ◽  
Andrzej Szczepkowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Organic Horizon ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
The Third

Abstract Pines are generally fire-resistant trees. There is a shortage of research on the behaviour of Scots pine after surface fire in older stands. The aim of the work was to describe the effect of the surface fire intensity on the mortality of pines of various diameter at breast height (DBH), including older trees. The research was conducted in Peucedano-Pinetum oligotrophic Scots-pine forest in Kampinos National Park (KPN, central Poland) on the area of two adjacent surface fire sites originated in spring 2015 in 60- to 200-year-old stands (site area: 10,92 ha). There were 45 (28 burned and 17 control) permanent plots established after the fire. The share of not burned, superficially burned and completely burnout organic horizon of the soil was determined within all of them. DBH and location of pine trees were measured within all of the plots on the area of 200 m2. For all of the trees for which full information about soil organic horizon damage was mapped, the prevailing type of disturbance in their close neighbourhoods with radii of 1 and 2 m was assessed. The mortality of trees was assessed after each vegetation period up to 2017, basing on the presence of green needles on the trees. The influence of fire intensity on the survival of trees was examined on whole permanent plot level as well as on individual tree level. Strong linear correlation was observed between Scots pine mortality and the share of plots area with damaged organic layer, especially at the end of the third vegetation period after fire. Logistic regression models constructed for individual trees suggest that bigger tree diameter (hence, thicker bark) diminished the odds of mortality only after two vegetation periods from the fire. After the third vegetation period, only the intensity of surface fire in the close neighbourhood of trees influenced (negatively) the chance on survival. The size of trees did no matter in this case. Nearly all of the trees that were located within burnout organic matter areas died. The results did not support the commonly known mechanism of enhancement of bigger Scots pine tree survival after surface fire because of thicker bark responsible for heat protection. Probably, the main cause of observed mortality was not overheating of cambium but it was rather connected to massive fine root loses. Scots pines growing on oligotrophic arid sites modify their root system to explore topsoil layers with higher proportion of shallow roots, growing even in organic litter layer. This corresponds with massive (regardless of size) pine mortality within sites characterised by complete burnout of organic matter layer and very high survival in those ones with only surfacely burned litter layer. The results can improve the assessment of surface fires consequences in managed Scots pine stands growing in oligotrophic conditions.

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