scholarly journals Cover crop root contributions to soil carbon in a no-till corn bioenergy cropping system

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Austin ◽  
Kyle Wickings ◽  
Marshall D. McDaniel ◽  
G. Philip Robertson ◽  
A. Stuart Grandy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Root

scholarly journals Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term Experimental Site with Variable Crop Rotations and Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Laamrani ◽  
Paul R. Voroney ◽  
Aaron A. Berg ◽  
Adam W. Gillespie ◽  
Michael March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till

The impacts of tillage practices and crop rotations are fundamental factors influencing changes in the soil carbon, and thus the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to compare soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil from different 4 year rotations and tillage treatments (i.e., no-till and conventional tillage). Rotation systems were primarily corn and soy-based and included cereal and alfalfa phases along with red clover cover crops. In 2018, soil samples were collected from a silty-loam topsoil (0–15 cm) from the 36 year long-term experiment site in southern Ontario, Canada. Total carbon (TC) contents of each sample were determined in the laboratory using combustion methods and comparisons were made between treatments using current and archived samples (i.e., 20 year and 9 year change, respectively) for selected crop rotations. Overall, TC concentrations were significantly higher for no-till compared with conventional tillage practices, regardless of the crop rotations employed. With regard to crop rotation, the highest TC concentrations were recorded in corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations with red clover cover crop in both cereal phases. TC contents were, in descending order, found in corn–corn–alfalfa–alfalfa (CCAA), corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) with 1 year of seeded red clover, and corn–corn–corn–corn (CCCC). The lowest TC concentrations were observed in the corn–corn–soybean–soybean (CCSS) and corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations without use of cover crops, and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We found that (i) crop rotation varieties that include two consecutive years of soybean had consistently lower TC concentrations compared with the remaining rotations; (ii) TC for all the investigated plots (no-till and/or tilled) increased over the 9 year and 20 year period; (iii) the no-tilled CCOB rotation with 2 years of cover crop showed the highest increase of TC content over the 20 year change period time; and (iv) interestingly, the no-till continuous corn (CCCC) rotation had higher TC than the soybean–soybean–corn–corn (SSCC) and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We concluded that conservation tillage (i.e., no-till) and incorporation of a cover crop into crop rotations had a positive effect in the accumulation of TC topsoil concentrations and could be suitable management practices to promote soil fertility and sustainability in our agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Suppression of Phytophthora Blight in Bell Pepper by a No-Till Wheat Cover Crop

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Ristaino ◽  
Gregory Parra ◽  
C. Lee Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
No Till

Four mechanisms of dispersal of propagules of Phytophthora capsici were investigated through modifications in cultural practices and fungicide applications in field plots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). Dispersal of soil inoculum was suppressed, and final incidence of disease was 2.5 to 43% when stubble from a fall-sown, no-till, wheat cover crop was present. Final disease incidence was 71 to 72% and pathogen spread occurred within and across rows when all dispersal mechanisms were operative in plots of pepper planted into bare soil. Final disease incidence was 42 to 78% with black plastic mulch when a sporulating pepper fruit placed on the surface served as the source of initial inoculum. The fungicide metalaxyl applied in the irrigation system did not suppress within-row spread of surface inoculum from a sporulating fruit on plastic, but did limit across-row spread; final disease incidence in metalaxyl-treated plots was 11.5 to 14%. Pathogen dispersal mechanisms were modified most dramatically by the no-till cropping system. Thus, simple changes in cultural practices can have dramatic effects on the development of Phytophthora epidemics. Ecologically based disease management strategies have the potential to reduce our reliance on agrichemicals in this and similar pathosystems.

scholarly journals Cover Crop as Living Mulch: Effects on Energy Flows in Mediterranean Organic Cropping Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Francesco Montemurro ◽  
Alessandro Persiani ◽  
Mariangela Diacono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
No Till ◽  
Energy Inputs

Sustainability of agricultural practices is one of the most important issues in organic agriculture and its assessment is crucial. To this aim, evaluating the balance between the energy inputs and outputs in crop rotations could be a valuable tool. Therefore, we compared different management strategies in a four-year organic cropping system, by estimating the energy balance of crop production. Two different living mulches with no-till (B1) and green manure (B2) were compared with a cropping system without cover crop (B3), performing both energy analysis and energy balance. Energy parameters were also evaluated. The energy input of fertilizers and water was more than 55% of the total energy required by the cropping systems, suggesting that these agronomic practices should be tailored by farmers to decrease total energy inputs. The potential energy output was significantly higher in the B1 than the B2 and B3 cropping systems (20% and 54%, respectively). Results indicated that B1 and B2 could enhance the energy outputs without negatively affecting the energy consumption, since these cropping systems also showed higher energy efficiency. The introduction of the cover crop as living mulch combined with no-till could be a powerful tool to enhance systems sustainability, without compromising the crop yields.

Biorational approaches to managingDatura stramonium

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Maria L. Salas ◽  
Nicholas R. Jordan ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
No Till ◽  
Study Support

Field experiments were conducted from 1995 to 1997 to test approaches to managing atrazine-resistantDatura stramonium. Eight weed management programs in aZea maysandGlycine maxrotation were evaluated for their effects on the dynamics of atrazine-resistant and -susceptibleD. stramoniumpopulations. OverallD. stramoniumdensity and relative abundance of resistant (R) biotypes were greatly reduced in no-tillSecale cerealeL. (rye) cover crop management programs without triazine compared to conventional-tillage systems with the application of triazine herbicides. The negative effects of no-till onD. stramoniumwere greater under aG. max–Z. mays—G. max(SCS) rotation than under aZ. mays–G. max—Z. mays(CSC) rotation. A cropping system involving moreG. maxphases under no-till reduced both the resistant and susceptibleD. stramoniumpopulations. Results from this study support the use of soil management, crop rotation, and negative cross-resistant herbicides to manage atrazine-resistant biotypes.

No-till and cover crop impacts on soil carbon and associated properties on Pennsylvania dairy farms

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Dell ◽  
P.R. Salon ◽  
C.D. Franks ◽  
E.C. Benham ◽  
Y. Plowden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Cover crop effects on soil carbon dioxide emissions in a semiarid cropping system

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Nilahyane ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Vesh R. Thapa ◽  
Upendra M. Sainju
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

scholarly journals Cover Crop Complements Flue Gas Desulfurized Gypsum to Improve No-till Soil Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Khandakar R. Islam ◽  
Greg Roth ◽  
Mohammad A. Rahman ◽  
Nataliia O. Didenko ◽  
Randall C. Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
No Till
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