Structural aberrations of the brain associated with migraine: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1179
Author(s):  
Soo‐Kyoung Kim ◽  
Simona Nikolova ◽  
Todd J. Schwedt
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Structural Aberrations ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Ask and You Shall Receive: A closer look on unsolved consciousness issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Motavalli ◽  
◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Alireza Majdi ◽  
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Brain

Although there are numerous views about the concept of consciousness, no consensus exists regarding the meaning. However, with the aid of the latest neuroscientific developments, the misleading obstacles related to consciousness have been removed. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific efforts in determining the function of the brain and merging these findings with philosophical theories, have brought a more comprehensive perception of the notion of consciousness. In addition to metaphysical/ontological views of consciousness e.g., higher-order theories, reflexive theories, and representationalist theories, there are some brain directed topics in this matter which include but not are limited to neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), brain loop connectivity, and lateralization. This narrative review sheds light on cultural and historical aspects of consciousness in old and middle ages and introduces some of the prominent philosophical discussions related to mind and body. Also, it illustrates the correlation of brain function with states of consciousness with a focus on the roles of function and connectivity.

scholarly journals Inflammation and Cognition in Depression: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5859
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wachowska ◽  
Piotr Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
The World ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
The Brain

The authors aim to present a narrative review of research on the inflammatory aetiology of depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder, constituting the most common reason of disability due to a health condition. It has been estimated that at least one in six people suffer from depression at some point of their lives. The aetiology of depression, although researched extensively all around the world, still remains unclear. Authors discuss the possible role of inflammation in depression, the neurodevelopmental theory of depression as well as associations between cognition and depression. Possible associations between memory dysfunction among depressive patients and inflammatory markers are included. The associations between the immune system, depression and cognition are observed. Possible mediating factors between these areas include personality traits, hormonal imbalance and functioning of the brain areas. The question as to what mediating factors are involved is still open to research.

scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices in the Neurointensive Care Unit: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 072-079
Author(s):  
Rohini M. Surve ◽  
Sonia Bansal ◽  
Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Neurointensive Care ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Neurointensive Care Unit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAnemia is common in neurointensive care unit (NICU) patients and is one of the common causes of systemic insults to the brain. Though the recent literature favors restrictive blood transfusion practices over liberal transfusion to correct anemia in the general ICU, whether a similar practice can be adopted in NICU patients is doubtful due to lack of strong evidence. Impairment of cerebral autoregulation and cardiac function following acute brain injury affects the body's compensatory mechanism to anemia and renders the brain susceptible to anemic hypoxia at different hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds. Hence, red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) practice based on a single Hb threshold value might be inappropriate. On the other hand, allogenic RBCT has its own risks, both in short and in long run, leading to adverse outcomes. Thus, instead of relying only on arbitrary Hb values, a better way to decide the need for RBCT in NICU patients is to target parameters based on systemic and regional cerebral oxygenation. This approach will help us to individualize RBCT practices. In this narrative review, based on the available literature, authors have discussed the impact of anemia and blood transfusion on the immediate and late neurological outcomes and the current role of regional brain monitoring in guiding blood transfusion practices. In the end, authors have tried to update on the current RBCT practices in neurosurgical and neuromedical patients admitted to the NICU.

scholarly journals The membrane of Liliequist—a safe haven in the middle of the brain. A narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (9) ◽  
pp. 2235-2244
Author(s):  
V. Volovici ◽  
I. Varvari ◽  
C. M. F. Dirven ◽  
R. Dammers
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
The Brain

Multiple Sclerosis and its Pathophysiology: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alizadeh Khatir ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Masood Hojjati ◽  
Alijan Ahmadi Ahangar ◽  
Hoda Naghshineh ◽  
Payam Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important debilitating diseases in which the myelin sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. In this review, we aimed to review the pathophysiology of MS. This impairment causes ability disorder of the parts of the nervous system which are responsible for communication, leading to different symptoms including physical and psychological problems. This study was conducted through a Narrative review using keywords including Multiple Sclerosis, Epidemiology through Search in International Scientific Databases, including: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases including: Barakatkns Knowledge System, Academic Jihad Database, Iranian Medical Library (Medlib), Magiran Database, Knowledge Reference (Civilica), and a search was done on the World Health organization website. In this review study, using keywords such as "pathophysiology" and "multiple sclerosis".

scholarly journals The morphological and functional characteristics of the pineal gland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Alexandru Gheban ◽  
Ioana Andreea Rosca ◽  
Maria Crisan
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. The pineal gland is a photo-neuro-endocrine organ situated inside the brain, that secretes serotonin, melatonin and N,N-dymethyltriptamine. This narrative review will address the latest information gathered on this function of the gland as well as the unknown roles it may have. The different histological and pathological findings of the pineal gland have demonstrated a role in clinical manifestations of numerous endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathologies. Materials. For this narrative review we used the NCBI website database PubMed. The search terms were “Pineal Gland” AND/OR “histology, melatonin, DMT, pathology”. Total number of articles included were 86. Results: We have reviewed physiological information of melatonin and DMT, anatomical, histological and histopathological information on the pineal gland and its role in endocrine, neurological and psychiatric pathology. Conclusion. The role of melatonin in immunity and its potential therapeutic effects show promising potential for further research. DMT seems to have a role in psychiatric pathology and potential therapeutic effects. Proper tumoral screening and diagnostic protocol are required.

scholarly journals Myocardial injury in acute ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2514183X2110185
Author(s):  
Christian H Nolte ◽  
Matthias Endres ◽  
Jan F Scheitz
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

Since antiquity, the interaction of brain and heart has inspired physicians and philosophers. Today, our knowledge has vastly improved, but the exact way of their interaction still holds many secrets to reveal. The interaction between brain and heart merits particular attention in the aftermath of a sudden injury to the brain-like acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This narrative review gives an overview of current knowledge on frequency, prognosis, and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial injury following AIS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document