scholarly journals Ask and You Shall Receive: A closer look on unsolved consciousness issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Motavalli ◽  
◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Alireza Majdi ◽  
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Brain

Although there are numerous views about the concept of consciousness, no consensus exists regarding the meaning. However, with the aid of the latest neuroscientific developments, the misleading obstacles related to consciousness have been removed. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific efforts in determining the function of the brain and merging these findings with philosophical theories, have brought a more comprehensive perception of the notion of consciousness. In addition to metaphysical/ontological views of consciousness e.g., higher-order theories, reflexive theories, and representationalist theories, there are some brain directed topics in this matter which include but not are limited to neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), brain loop connectivity, and lateralization. This narrative review sheds light on cultural and historical aspects of consciousness in old and middle ages and introduces some of the prominent philosophical discussions related to mind and body. Also, it illustrates the correlation of brain function with states of consciousness with a focus on the roles of function and connectivity.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of the Natural Observation of an Emotionally Loaded Video

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanni Nanni ◽  
Joel Martínez-Soto ◽  
Leopoldo Gonzalez-Santos ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modeling Stress ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStudies based on a paradigm of free or natural viewing have revealed characteristics that allow us to know how the brain processes stimuli within a natural environment. This method has been little used to study brain function. With a connectivity approach, we examine the processing of emotions using an exploratory method to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This research describes our approach to modeling stress paradigms suitable for neuroimaging environments. We showed a short film (4.54 minutes) with high negative emotional valence and high arousal content to 24 healthy male subjects (36.42 years old; SD=12.14) during fMRI. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify networks based on spatial statistical independence. Through this analysis we identified the sensorimotor system and its influence on the dorsal attention and default-mode networks, which in turn have reciprocal activity and modulate networks described as emotional.

Global-workspace theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
Peter Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Global Workspace ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Global Workspace Theory

The present chapter outlines and defends the empirical case supporting global-workspace theory as the best account of the functional/neural correlates of consciousness, at least. The chapter explains the theoretical background to global-workspace theory and the evidence that supports it. It shows how the theory is well-supported by raft of findings in psychology and cognitive neuroscience, as well as by recent experiments tracking conscious contents in the brain. The chapter also replies to a variety of critiques and alleged forms of counter-evidence. It concludes by considering whether the fact that much of this evidence has been collected in work with nonhuman animals begs the consciousness-question that forms our topic (arguing that it does not).

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Consciousness and Attention: Two Sister Processes of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nani ◽  
Jordi Manuello ◽  
Lorenzo Mancuso ◽  
Donato Liloia ◽  
Tommaso Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
The Brain

Dissecting the regional diversity of glial cells by applying -omic technologies

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela C. Dieterich ◽  
Moritz J. Rossner
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeuronal as well as glial cells contribute to higher order brain functions. Many observations show that neurons and glial cells are not only physically highly intermingled but are physiologically tightly connected and mutually depend at various levels on each other. Moreover, macroglia classes like astrocytes, NG2 cells and oligodendrocytes are not at all homogenous cell populations but do possess a markedly heterogeneity in various aspects similar to neurons. The diversity of differences in morphology, functionality and, cellular activity has been acknowledged recently and will be integrated into a concept of brain function that pictures a neural rather than a puristical neuronal world. With the recent progress in “omic” technologies, an unbiased and exploratory approach toward an enhanced understanding of glial heterogeneity has become possible. Here, we provide an overview on current technical transcriptomic and proteomic approaches used to dissect glial heterogeneity of the brain.

scholarly journals A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. E2016-E2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. LeDoux ◽  
Richard Brown
Keyword(s):  
Order Theory ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Higher Order Theory ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are traditionally viewed as being innately programmed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are often treated as different from cognitive states of consciousness, such as those related to the perception of external stimuli. We argue that conscious experiences, regardless of their content, arise from one system in the brain. In this view, what differs in emotional and nonemotional states are the kinds of inputs that are processed by a general cortical network of cognition, a network essential for conscious experiences. Although subcortical circuits are not directly responsible for conscious feelings, they provide nonconscious inputs that coalesce with other kinds of neural signals in the cognitive assembly of conscious emotional experiences. In building the case for this proposal, we defend a modified version of what is known as the higher-order theory of consciousness.

scholarly journals Predictive processing as a systematic basis for identifying the neural correlates of consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (II) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Hohwy ◽  
Anil Seth
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Processing Framework

The search for the neural correlates of consciousness is in need of a systematic, principled foundation that can endow putative neural correlates with greater predictive and explanatory value. Here, we propose the predictive processing framework for brain function as a promising candidate for providing this systematic foundation. The proposal is motivated by that framework’s ability to address three general challenges to identifying the neural correlates of consciousness, and to satisfy two constraints common to many theories of consciousness. Implementing the search for neural correlates of consciousness through the lens of predictive processing delivers strong potential for predictive and explanatory value through detailed, systematic mappings between neural substrates and phenomenological structure. We conclude that the predictive processing framework, precisely because it at the outset is not itself a theory of consciousness, has significant potential for advancing the neuroscience of consciousness.

scholarly journals Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1918) ◽  
pp. 2251-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Feldt ◽  
Jane X. Wang ◽  
Vaughn L. Hetrick ◽  
Joshua D. Berke ◽  
Michal Żochowski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the neural correlates of brain function is an extremely challenging task, since any cognitive process is distributed over a complex and evolving network of neurons that comprise the brain. In order to quantify observed changes in neuronal dynamics during hippocampal memory formation, we present metrics designed to detect directional interactions and the formation of functional neuronal ensembles. We apply these metrics to both experimental and model-derived data in an attempt to link anatomical network changes with observed changes in neuronal dynamics during hippocampal memory formation processes. We show that the developed model provides a consistent explanation of the anatomical network modifications that underlie the activity changes observed in the experimental data.

scholarly journals The neural correlates of consciousness: an analysis of cognitive skill learning

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1889-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
M. E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Cognitive Skill ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Imaging Strategy ◽  
The Brain

This paper presents a functional brain–imaging strategy designed to isolate neural correlates of consciousness in humans. This strategy is based on skill learning. In the example presented (rapidly generating verbs for visually presented nouns), a cognitive skill is examined before and after practice. As shown, there are marked qualitative differences in the neural circuitry supporting performance of this task in the naive and practised state that include, importantly, both increases and decreases from the baseline activity of the brain.

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