Associations between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and eating behaviors in early childhood

ABSTRACT Background There is emergent evidence that disturbed eating behaviors, including emotional eating and obesity, co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The current study aims to examine the link between ADHD symptoms, eating behaviors and obesity in ADHD children. Patients and Methods 50 ADHD children diagnosed by Conners scale were included. They completed the Emotional Eating scale adapted for children (ESS-C) to evaluate eating in response to emotions. Parents completed the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess children’s eating behavior. Multivariable regression analysis was used to detect the most independent factor for higher Body mass Index (BMI) risk. Results: Higher rates of overweight/obesity were detected among ADHD children than among normal population. Also, higher Conners global index was associated with higher BMI z-scores. Both Inattentive and combined types were linked to higher BMI, while hyperactive type with lower BMI. Regarding eating behaviors, a positive association between food approach and BMI, and a negative association between food avoidant and BMI z-scores was found. Similarly, there was a noteworthy positive relation between emotional overeating and BMI. 68% of ADHD children were high emotional eaters, mainly inattentive and combined types. Others, mainly hyperactive type, were low emotional eaters. Only ESS-C total score was confirmed as independent factor for higher BMI risk. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that emotional overeating and food approach eating behaviors are common among ADHD children with higher BMI associated with them. Future studies for better understanding of this overlap will enhance potential interventions.

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Autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in early childhood: A review of unique and shared characteristics and developmental antecedents

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 229-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Janne C. Visser ◽

Nanda N.J. Rommelse ◽

Corina U. Greven ◽

Jan K. Buitelaar

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Developmental Antecedents

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Medical conditions and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms from early childhood to adolescence

Molecular Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41380-021-01357-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cédric Galéra ◽

Samuele Cortese ◽

Massimiliano Orri ◽

Ophélie Collet ◽

Judith van der Waerden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Early Childhood Shigellosis on Long-Term Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Children ◽

10.3390/children8100880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 880

Author(s):

Yair Sadaka ◽

Judah Freedman ◽

Shai Ashkenazi ◽

Shlomo Vinker ◽

Avivit Golan-Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Increased Risk

It has recently been shown that children with early shigellosis are at increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between antibiotic treatment of shigellosis with long-term ADHD rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all the Leumit Health Services (LHS) enrollees aged 5–18 years between 2000–2018 with a documented Shigella-positive gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years. Of the 5176 children who were positive for Shigella gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years, 972 (18.8%) were treated with antibiotics early (<5 days), 250 (4.8%) were treated late (≥5 days), and 3954 children (76.4%) were not prescribed antibiotics. Late antibiotic treatment was associated with significantly increased rates of ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3). Early treatment with antibiotics was not associated with increased ADHD rates (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.8–1.3). In conclusion, late antibiotic treatment of early childhood shigellosis was associated with increased rates of ADHD.

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The Role of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in Disordered Eating Behaviors in Students of Sistan and Baluchestan University

European journal of behavioral sciences ◽

10.33422/ejbs.2018.05.80 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Safoora Khoshdel Daryasari

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Sistan And Baluchestan

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The Longitudinal Relationship Between Screen Time, Sleep and a Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054720953897 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108705472095389

Author(s):

Birgit Levelink ◽

Marjolein van der Vlegel ◽

Monique Mommers ◽

Jessica Gubbels ◽

Edward Dompeling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Screen Time ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Television Time

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal associations between recreational screen time and sleep in early childhood, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at age 8 to 10 years. Method: Questionnaires from 2,768 mother-child pairs from the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort Study were used. General estimating equation logistic regression analyses examined associations between screen time and sleep at age 2, 4, and 6, and ADHD at age 8 to 10. Linear regression analysis examined associations between television time, sleep and CBCL/2-3 scores at age 2. Results: Longitudinally, neither screen time nor sleep were associated with ADHD. Cross-sectionally, CBCL/2-3 externalizing symptom scores increased by 0.03 with every hour television time (95% CI 0.002–0.05) and increased by 0.02 per hour of less sleep (95% CI −0.03–−0.01). Conclusion: Despite an association with externalizing symptoms at age 2, screen time and sleep in early childhood were not associated with ADHD. Carefulness is warranted when extrapolating cross-sectional associations at early age to an ADHD diagnosis.

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Exposure to Surgery and Anesthesia in Early Childhood and Subsequent Use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medications

Anesthesia & Analgesia ◽

10.1213/ane.0000000000004619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 131 (3) ◽

pp. 723-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Caleb Ing ◽

Xiaoyue Ma ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Yewei Lu ◽

Melanie M. Wall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Early childhood deprivation is associated with alterations in adult brain structure despite subsequent environmental enrichment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1911264116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nuria K. Mackes ◽

Dennis Golm ◽

Sagari Sarkar ◽

Robert Kumsta ◽

Michael Rutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Surface Area ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Adult Brain ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Impact ◽

Childhood Deprivation ◽

Area And Volume

Early childhood deprivation is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders in adulthood. The impact of childhood deprivation on the adult brain and the extent to which structural changes underpin these effects are currently unknown. To investigate these questions, we utilized MRI data collected from young adults who were exposed to severe deprivation in early childhood in the Romanian orphanages of the Ceaușescu era and then, subsequently adopted by UK families; 67 Romanian adoptees (with between 3 and 41 mo of deprivation) were compared with 21 nondeprived UK adoptees. Romanian adoptees had substantially smaller total brain volumes (TBVs) than nondeprived adoptees (8.6% reduction), and TBV was strongly negatively associated with deprivation duration. This effect persisted after covarying for potential environmental and genetic confounds. In whole-brain analyses, deprived adoptees showed lower right inferior frontal surface area and volume but greater right inferior temporal lobe thickness, surface area, and volume than the nondeprived adoptees. Right medial prefrontal volume and surface area were positively associated with deprivation duration. No deprivation-related effects were observed in limbic regions. Global reductions in TBV statistically mediated the observed relationship between institutionalization and both lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and higher levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The deprivation-related increase in right inferior temporal volume seemed to be compensatory, as it was associated with lower levels of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. We provide compelling evidence that time-limited severe deprivation in the first years of life is related to alterations in adult brain structure, despite extended enrichment in adoptive homes in the intervening years.

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