scholarly journals Wnt7a induces a unique phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages with lower phagocytic capacity and differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Immunology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennillee Wallace ◽  
Victoria Lutgen ◽  
Sreedevi Avasarala ◽  
Brad St. Croix ◽  
Robert A. Winn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shen ◽  
L.G. Christensen ◽  
S.Y. Bak ◽  
N. Christensen ◽  
K. Kragh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Chicken Cell ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lmh Cells

Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives that have been developed to improve gut health, immunity and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study evaluated the immune modulating effects of a thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the intestinal system of poultry in vitro, using two chicken cell lines, LMH (liver cell line) which has been used to mimic epithelial cell responses, and HD-11 (monocyte/macrophage-like). Cells with high viability (>95%) from established cell lines were cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. The viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and phagocytic capacity of co-cultured LMH cells, with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was subsequently evaluated. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and pattern recognition receptors by HD-11 monocytes/macrophages was measured by RT-PCR and by proteomic analysis. TCB was well tolerated by both cell lines (cell viability >90% after co-culture with TCB at 100 ng/ml for 48 h with or without LPS). Epithelial integrity of LMH cells (as assessed by TEER) was increased by TCB (10 ng/ml) after 4 h incubation, versus untreated controls, and phagocytic capacity of HD-11 cells was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In HD-11 cells, TCB (10 ng/ml) downregulated the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the transcription factor cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10, versus untreated controls (P<0.05). In summary, under the tested conditions, TCB enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity of poultry hepatocytes, increased phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. These results indicated how supplementing TCB in poultry diets can increase bird performance, by increasing in vivo cell membrane integrity (especially important in the gut) and assisting in immune responses, which can liberate energy for growth.

Heat-Killed Malassezia Pachydermatis Suspension Modulates the Activity of Macrophages Challenged with Encephalitozoon Cuniculi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Feliciana Codeceira ◽  
Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva ◽  
Elizabeth Cristina Perez Hurtado ◽  
Diva Denelle Spadacci-Morena ◽  
Selene Dall´Acqua Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Malassezia Pachydermatis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mixed Pattern

Abstract Background Encephalitozoon cuniculi, are obligate intracellular fungi that determine emerging diseases in humans and other animals, with economic relevance. Studies have shown that Malassezia are able to modulate the production of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines by keratinocytes and human monocytes and has an immunomodulatory effect. In the present work, we evaluate the effects of heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension on the modulation of the response of macrophages challenged with the microsporidia E. cuniculi. Methods Heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension was used to treat macrophage for 1 hour, subsequently, macrophages were infected with spores of E. cuniculi (2:1) and evaluated at 15, 30, 60 minutes and 48 hours. To determine the phagocytic capacity (PC) and index (PI), cultures were stained with Calcofluor and the spores, internalized or not, were counted. Results Microbicidal and phagocytic activity was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The untreated macrophages and had PC, PI, and larger amounts of phagocytosed spores than those treated, but by TEM it was observed that in macrophages treated the microbicidal activity was faster, since in the phagocytic vacuoles there were few spores in different degrees of degeneration and few amounts of amorphous material. Macrophages treated with heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension showed lower PI and PC, with the incipient presence of E. cuniculi in phagosomes inside these macrophages. Additionally, these same treated macrophages had a mixed pattern of cytokine release with a Th1, Th2 and Th17 profile, with emphasis on IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, IL-6 and IFN-g secretion, particularly greater production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results showed that the treatment with heat-killed M. pachydermatis suspension determined an increase in the release of cytokines and reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages challenged with E. cuniculi

Increased viability of cardiomyocytes after exposure of anti-inflammatory cytokines

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Rees ◽  
T Kubin ◽  
J Pöling ◽  
S Hein ◽  
H Warnecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afrisham ◽  
Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in the hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in the cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells. Methods: Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (O-Exo) women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The exosomes were used for stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h incubation, the protein levels of TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the ELISA kit. Results: The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly in comparison with control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significance differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively). However, no significant differences were found between three groups in term of IL-1β levels (P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably anti-inflammatory properties independently from body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver. However, further investigations in vitro and in vivo are needed to address the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.

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