Predisposing Factors for Elevated Restricted and Repetitive Behavior in Typically Developing Toddlers

Background: While Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may intuitively seem to be on the extremes of a single spectrum (ranging from impulsive to rigid), symptoms of ASD and ADHD often co-occur in the same children. This study aimed to provide an in-depth characterization of ADHD and ASD symptoms in children with and without ASD and/or ADHD using questionnaire data. Methods: In total, we included 702 symptom measurements from 484 children aged between 6 and 18 years with ADHD (N=155), ASD (N=141), or typically developing (N=188) and analyzed these using linear mixed-effects models. We used latent-profile analysis (LPA) to investigate patterns of comorbid ADHD and ASD symptoms. Results: The present study investigated restricted and repetitive behavior and symptoms of ADHD across a large sample of children with ASD and/or ADHD, compared to typically developing peers. We found that children with comorbid ASD and ADHD had the most severe symptoms that persisted over development. Children with a primary ADHD diagnosis had elevated levels of restricted and repetitive behavior, and children with ASD also had symptoms of ADHD. Latent profile analysis (LPA) further suggested that patterns of symptom comorbidity are not specific to diagnostic categories.Conclusions: We found severe and persistent ASD and ADHD symptoms in children with comorbid ASD and ADHD. Children with a single diagnosis of ASD or ADHD had more moderate symptoms that improved with age. Furthermore, children with ASD had elevated ADHD symptoms, and vice versa, suggesting that symptoms are not specific to diagnostic categories.

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Imbalanced social-communicative and restricted repetitive behavior subtypes of autism spectrum disorder exhibit different neural circuitry

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02015-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natasha Bertelsen ◽

◽

Isotta Landi ◽

Richard A. I. Bethlehem ◽

Jakob Seidlitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Neural Circuitry ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Repetitive Behaviors ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Out Of Sample ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Social Communicative ◽

The Eu

AbstractSocial-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC and RRB severity can markedly differ within and between individuals and may be underpinned by different neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how neural circuitry and genetic mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a phenotypic stratification model that makes highly accurate (97–99%) out-of-sample SC = RRB, SC > RRB, and RRB > SC subtype predictions. Applying this model to resting state fMRI data from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset (n = 509), we find that while the phenotypic subtypes share many commonalities in terms of intrinsic functional connectivity, they also show replicable differences within some networks compared to a typically-developing group (TD). Specifically, the somatomotor network is hypoconnected with perisylvian circuitry in SC > RRB and visual association circuitry in SC = RRB. The SC = RRB subtype show hyperconnectivity between medial motor and anterior salience circuitry. Genes that are highly expressed within these networks show a differential enrichment pattern with known autism-associated genes, indicating that such circuits are affected by differing autism-associated genomic mechanisms. These results suggest that SC-RRB imbalance subtypes share many commonalities, but also express subtle differences in functional neural circuitry and the genomic underpinnings behind such circuitry.

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AN ANALYSIS OF VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN

Journal of Research on Language Education ◽

10.33365/jorle.v2i1.923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Weny Anita Febriantini ◽

Rahima Fitriati ◽

Lulud Oktaviani

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Communication Skills ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Verbal Communication ◽

Autistic Children ◽

Restricted And Repetitive Behavior

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autistic is a person affected by autism. The level of autism of each individual is varied. It can range from mild to severe. Due to this condition, the person shares some symptoms of the difficulties with social interaction. To make them involved in social interaction, it needs special effort to make them be able to speech or communicate first. For this reason, there should be the use of the combination between verbal and non-verbal communication. Thus, this study attempted to investigate the process of using both kinds of communication in teaching children with autism since children are easier to be threated than adults. To make the distinct result, the participants were from different level of autism. Then, based on the observation and interview, the findings showed that the verbal and non-verbal communication used by the therapist in teaching the autistic children can enhance their social interaction and communication skills.

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A Machine Learning and Integration Based Architecture for Cognitive Disorder Detection Used for Early Autism Screening

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9030516 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 516

Author(s):

Jesús Peral ◽

David Gil ◽

Sayna Rotbei ◽

Sandra Amador ◽

Marga Guerrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Input Data ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Distributed Processing ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cognitive Disorder ◽

Hidden Correlations ◽

Restricted And Repetitive Behavior ◽

Diverse Data

About 15% of the world’s population suffers from some form of disability. In developed countries, about 1.5% of children are diagnosed with autism. Autism is a developmental disorder distinguished mainly by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Since the cause of autism is still unknown, there have been many studies focused on screening for autism based on behavioral features. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to present an architecture focused on data integration and analytics, allowing the distributed processing of input data. Furthermore, the proposed architecture allows the identification of relevant features as well as of hidden correlations among parameters. To this end, we propose a methodology able to integrate diverse data sources, even data that are collected separately. This methodology increases the data variety which can lead to the identification of more correlations between diverse parameters. We conclude the paper with a case study that used autism data in order to validate our proposed architecture, which showed very promising results.

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A Natural History of Repetition

Journal of Montessori Research ◽

10.17161/jomr.v5i2.7407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 15-44

Author(s):

Anne E. Jones ◽

S.P. Henzi ◽

Louise Barrett

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Multilevel Model ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Free Play ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Older Children ◽

Maria Montessori ◽

Starting Point ◽

History Of

The purpose of this study was to understand typically developing children’s repetitive behavior in a free-play, daycare setting. By studying repetition in a non-Montessori setting, we tested the assumption that repetition is a characteristic behavior of all young children and not limited to the Montessori environment. Although Maria Montessori identified repetition during her observations, there is little empirical evidence to support her claim: most research has considered repetition in terms of psychopathology. We collected naturalistic observational data on 31 3- to 6-year-old children for a total of 101 hours to investigate the frequency, contexts, and structure of repetitive bouts. Multilevel model results suggest the ubiquity of repetition, as all children in the study engaged in motor repetition. Furthermore, repetition occurred throughout all free-play activities (construction, animation, fantasy play, rough-and-tumble play, and undirected activity), although repetition was not equally distributed across activities. Motor repetition was not equal across ages either; younger children engaged in more motor repetition than did older children. To understand the structure of repetition, our study also looked at the length of repetition bouts, which ranged from 2 to 19 repetitions and averaged 2.86 repetitions per bout. This natural history of repetition is an influential starting point for understanding the role of repetition in development and is informative to both Montessori and non-Montessori early childhood educators.

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Shifted Phase of EEG Cross-Frequency Coupling in Individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37777/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael G Mariscal ◽

Elizabeth Berry-Kravis ◽

Joseph D Buxbaum ◽

Lauren E Ethridge ◽

Rajna Filip-Dhima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Compulsive Behaviors ◽

Oscillatory Power ◽

Phase Bias ◽

Frequency Coupling ◽

Phase Amplitude ◽

Cross Frequency Coupling

Abstract Background Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is a rare condition caused by deletion or mutation of the SHANK3 gene. Individuals with PMS frequently present with intellectual disability, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) can provide a window into network-level function in PMS. Methods Here, we analyze EEG data collected across multiple sites in individuals with PMS (n = 26) and typically developing individuals (n = 15). We quantify oscillatory power, phase-amplitude coupling strength, and phase bias, a measure of the phase of cross frequency coupling thought to reflect the balance of feedforward and feedback activity. Results We find individuals with PMS display increased phase bias (U = 3.841, p < 0.0005), predominantly over posterior electrodes. Most individuals with PMS demonstrate positive overall phase bias while most typically developing individuals demonstrate negative overall phase bias. Among individuals with PMS, strength of phase-amplitude coupling was associated with Sameness, Ritualistic, and Compulsive behaviors as measured by the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised (Beta= 0.545, p= 0.011). Conclusions Increased phase bias suggests potential circuit-level mechanisms underlying phenotype in PMS, offering opportunities for back-translation of findings into animal models and targeting in clinical trials.

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Rigidity coincides with reduced cognitive control to affective cues in children with autism

10.31234/osf.io/faz45 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dienke J. Bos ◽

Melanie R. Silverman ◽

Eliana L. Ajodan ◽

Cynthia Martin ◽

Benjamin Silver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Repetitive Behaviors ◽

False Alarms ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Insistence On Sameness ◽

Typically Developing Children ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Affective Cues

The present study tested whether salient affective cues would negatively influence cognitive control in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 100 children aged 6-12 years who were either typically developing or had ASD performed a novel go/nogo task to cues of their interest versus cues of non-interest. Using Linear Mixed-Effects models group differences in hit rate, false alarms and d-prime were tested. Caregivers completed the Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS-R) to test associations between repetitive behaviors and task performance. Children with ASD had reduced cognitive control towards their interests compared to typically developing children. Further, children with ASD showed reduced cognitive control to interests as compared to their own non-interests, a pattern not observed in typically developing children. Decreased cognitive control towards interests was associated with higher insistence on sameness behavior in ASD, but there was no association between sameness behavior and cognitive control for non-interests. Together, children with ASD demonstrated decreased cognitive flexibility in the context of increased affective salience related to interests. These results provide a mechanism for how salient affective cues, such as interests, interfere with daily functioning and social communication in ASD. Further, the findings have broader clinical implications for understanding how affective cues can drive interactions between restricted patterns of behavior and cognitive control.

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Shifted phase of EEG cross-frequency coupling in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome

Molecular Autism ◽

10.1186/s13229-020-00411-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael. G. Mariscal ◽

◽

Elizabeth Berry-Kravis ◽

Joseph D. Buxbaum ◽

Lauren E. Ethridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Gamma Phase ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Compulsive Behaviors ◽

Phase Bias ◽

Frequency Coupling ◽

Phase Amplitude ◽

Cross Frequency Coupling

Abstract Background Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is a rare condition caused by deletion or mutation of the SHANK3 gene. Individuals with PMS frequently present with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and other neurodevelopmental challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) can provide a window into network-level function in PMS. Methods Here, we analyze EEG data collected across multiple sites in individuals with PMS (n = 26) and typically developing individuals (n = 15). We quantify oscillatory power, alpha-gamma phase-amplitude coupling strength, and phase bias, a measure of the phase of cross frequency coupling thought to reflect the balance of feedforward (bottom-up) and feedback (top-down) activity. Results We find individuals with PMS display increased alpha-gamma phase bias (U = 3.841, p < 0.0005), predominantly over posterior electrodes. Most individuals with PMS demonstrate positive overall phase bias while most typically developing individuals demonstrate negative overall phase bias. Among individuals with PMS, strength of alpha-gamma phase-amplitude coupling was associated with Sameness, Ritualistic, and Compulsive behaviors as measured by the Repetitive Behavior Scales-Revised (Beta = 0.545, p = 0.011). Conclusions Increased phase bias suggests potential circuit-level mechanisms underlying phenotype in PMS, offering opportunities for back-translation of findings into animal models and targeting in clinical trials.

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Desenvolvimento de um Software para Auxílio na Comunicação de quem tem Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA

10.14210/cotb.v11n1.p585-588 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Ribeiro Doria ◽

Mariana Cavalcante Lopes ◽

Paulo Azuaga Braga ◽

Adair Da Silva Oliveira Junior

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Communication System ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Picture Exchange Communication System ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Restricted And Repetitive Behavior ◽

Picture Communication

Autistic Spectrum Disorder - TEA is marked by a number of characteristics that influence the daily lives of citizens with the disorder. This change consists of difficulty in communicating with society, badly social interaction and restricted and repetitive behavior, of- ten not dealing with changes in routine. Due to these obstacles faced by autists, forms of intervention arise in order to social inclusion towards these people, such as alternative methods that help autistics communicate. The Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS is one of these assistive tools, based on picture communication, one simulates autism and others everyday foods and objects. However, this method has some issues, for example, some of them cannot associate an illustrative figure that represents an object in reality, causing the PECS to be unusable. From this, this project based on the development and implementation of the site “SeuPecs”, based on the above Communication System, with the creation of unique PECS for each autistic in order to contribute to the communication of who has the TEA.

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Race influences parent report of concerns about symptoms of autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361317722030 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 100-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Meghan Rose Donohue ◽

Amber W Childs ◽

Megan Richards ◽

Diana L Robins

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Disruptive Behavior ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Parent Report ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Black Parents ◽

White Parents ◽

Restricted And Repetitive Behavior

Racial differences in parent report of concerns about their child’s development to healthcare providers may contribute to delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in Black children. We tested the hypotheses that compared to White parents, Black parents of children with autism spectrum disorder would report fewer concerns about autism symptoms and would be more likely to report concerns about disruptive behaviors. A sample of 18- to 40-month-old toddlers ( N = 174) with autism spectrum disorder and their parent participated. After screening positive for autism spectrum disorder risk, but prior to a diagnostic evaluation, parents completed free-response questions soliciting concerns about their child’s development. Parent responses were coded for the presence or the absence of 10 possible concerns, which were grouped into autism concerns (e.g. social and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns) or non-autism concerns (e.g. general developmental and disruptive behavior concerns). Compared to White parents, Black parents reported significantly fewer autism concerns and fewer social and restricted and repetitive behavior concerns. However, Black parents did not report significantly fewer non-autism concerns. Race did not influence parent report of disruptive behavior concerns. Lower reporting of autism concerns by Black parents may impact providers’ abilities to identify children who need further screening or evaluation.

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