Haematological response to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, increased temperature and hypoxia in goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were rendered anemic through immersion in phenylhydrazine∙HCl, a cohort of [3H]thymidine-labelled erythrocytes was established, and recovery followed over a 234-d period. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) levels increased in biphasic fashion during recovery, rapid increases to plateau values being followed by more modest increases to levels equalling those observed prior to treatment. During the initial rapid phase of response, increased ventilatory and cardiovascular activities probably compensated for deficits in oxygen-carrying capacity but, by elevating blood O2 tension, may have suppressed erythropoiesis. Continuing slow increases in RBC, Hb, and Hct may point to some as yet unidentified alternative mechanism for stimulating red cell formation. During maturation, mean erythrocytic volume decreased, while mean erythrocytic hemoglobin level increased. Cycles of division of circulating juvenile erythrocytes occurred at roughly 56-d intervals, but did not appear to play a major role in elevating blood O2-carrying capacity. Division and karyorrhexis or cell breakdown were loosely correlated. Under the conditions employed, red cell half-life was approximately 80 d.

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Induction of anemia in goldfish, Carassius auratus L., by immersion in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z88-108 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 729-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. H. Houston ◽

A. Murad ◽

J. D. Gray

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Red Cell ◽

Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽

Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽

Heavy Mortality ◽

Regulatory Dysfunction

Immersion of goldfish, Carassius auratus, in 1 mg∙L−1 phenylhydrazine hydrochloride at 5 °C for 48 h led to reductions of 90–95% in hemoglobin and hematocrit within 10–14 days. Under similar conditions, 96-h exposures prompted heavy mortality. Fewer mortalities occurred after 24-h exposure periods; however, only modest reductions in O2-carrying capacity were seen. All higher concentration (2, 5, 10, 50 mg∙L−1) and temperature (10, 15, 20 °C) combinations led to complete mortality within 12–96 h regardless of exposure period (24, 48, 96 h). Exposure to phenylhydrazine hydrochloride caused decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit, changes in the abundances of specific hemoglobin isomorphs, and the transient appearance of novel hemoglobin mobilities as well as evidence of osmo- and iono-regulatory dysfunction. Slow warming to 20 °C prompted red cell proliferation and hemoglobin synthesis and restoration of typical hemoglobin isomorph abundances. Incidence of transfer stresses was monitored by reference to differential leucocyte counts. Transfer led to lymphopenia and thrombopenia with neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Warming was accompanied by increases in lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts and reductions in those of monocytes and all granulocytes.

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Thermoacclimatory Variation in the Haemoglobin Systems of Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.61.2.455 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 455-461

Author(s):

A. H. HOUSTON ◽

D. CYR

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽

Increased Temperature ◽

Total Haemoglobin

Significant increases in total haemoglobin concentrations, and microhaematocrit values were associated with acclimation of rainbow trout and goldfish to increased temperature. Goldfish held at 2°C were characterized by two haemoglobin components, whereas those acclimated to 20° and 35°C exhibited three. Nine haemoglobin variants were observed in trout at 2°, 10° and 18°C. The data provide evidence that both species selectively alter the concentrations of specific haemoglobin fractions during the thermoacclimatory process.

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Hemoglobin Levels and Red Cell Ionic Composition in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Exposed to Constant and Diurnally Cycling Temperatures

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f81-159 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1182-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ted F. Koss ◽

Arthur H. Houston

Keyword(s):

Constant Temperature ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Oxygen Affinity ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Temperature Cycle ◽

Red Cell ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Hematological response in goldfish (Carassius auratus) held at constant temperature (20, 25, 30 °C) was compared with that of animals exposed to a diurnal temperature cycle (25 ± 5 °C), with particular reference to overall oxygen carrying capacity and cellular electrolytes influencing haemoglobin–oxygen affinity. All groups were sampled at 03:00, 09:00, 15:00, and 21:00. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were determined, as were plasma and packed red cell levels of water, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and chloride. The latter were used to estimate mean cellular ion concentrations. Temperature treatment influenced response. Under constant temperature conditions hemoglobin levels tended to increase at higher temperatures. This was associated with compositional changes which would be expected to reduce affinity and facilitate oxygen release. By contrast, under cycling temperature conditions hemoglobin levels were elevated whereas erythrocytic electrolyte concentrations tended to be stable. Observations are discussed in terms of their bearing on the interpretation of studies on the acclimatory process.Key words: goldfish, Carassius auratus; blood chemistry, temperature, hemoglobin, O2-carrying capacity

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SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080213 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 556-557

Author(s):

Waykin Nopanitaya ◽

Joe W. Grisham ◽

Johnny L. Carson

Keyword(s):

Carassius Auratus ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Types ◽

Biliary System ◽

Fish Food ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽

Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

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