scholarly journals The Matrix Gene Expression of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Virus (Osaka-1 Strain): A Comparison of Two Sibling Viruses Isolated from Different Lobes of an SSPE Brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Ayata ◽  
Kaoru Hayashi ◽  
Toshiyuki Seto ◽  
Ryosuke Murata ◽  
Hisashi Ogura
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Sspe Virus ◽  
The Matrix

scholarly journals Privatization of Biofilm Matrix in Structurally Heterogeneous Biofilms

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon B. Otto ◽  
Marivic Martin ◽  
Daniel Schäfer ◽  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Knut Drescher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The self-produced biofilm provides beneficial protection for the enclosed cells, but the costly production of matrix components makes producer cells susceptible to cheating by nonproducing individuals. Despite detrimental effects of nonproducers, biofilms can be heterogeneous, with isogenic nonproducers being a natural consequence of phenotypic differentiation processes. For instance, in Bacillus subtilis biofilm cells differ in production of the two major matrix components, the amyloid fiber protein TasA and exopolysaccharides (EPS), demonstrating different expression levels of corresponding matrix genes. This raises questions regarding matrix gene expression dynamics during biofilm development and the impact of phenotypic nonproducers on biofilm robustness. Here, we show that biofilms are structurally heterogeneous and can be separated into strongly and weakly associated clusters. We reveal that spatiotemporal changes in structural heterogeneity correlate with matrix gene expression, with TasA playing a key role in biofilm integrity and timing of development. We show that the matrix remains partially privatized by the producer subpopulation, where cells tightly stick together even when exposed to shear stress. Our results support previous findings on the existence of “weak points” in seemingly robust biofilms as well as on the key role of linkage proteins in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we provide a starting point for investigating the privatization of common goods within isogenic populations. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are communities of bacteria protected by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The detrimental effects of nonproducing individuals on biofilm development raise questions about the dynamics between community members, especially when isogenic nonproducers exist within wild-type populations. We asked ourselves whether phenotypic nonproducers impact biofilm robustness, and where and when this heterogeneity of matrix gene expression occurs. Based on our results, we propose that the matrix remains partly privatized by the producing subpopulation, since producing cells stick together when exposed to shear stress. The important role of linkage proteins in robustness and development of the structurally heterogeneous biofilm provides an entry into studying the privatization of common goods within isogenic populations.

scholarly journals Privatization of biofilm matrix in structurally heterogeneous biofilms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon B. Otto ◽  
Marivic Martin ◽  
Daniel Schäfer ◽  
Raimo Hartmann ◽  
Knut Drescher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe self-produced biofilm provides beneficial protection for the enclosed cells, but the costly production of matrix components makes producer cells susceptible to cheating by non-producing individuals. Despite detrimental effects of non-producers, biofilms can be heterogeneous, with isogenic non-producers being a natural consequence of phenotypic differentiation processes. For instance, in Bacillus subtilis biofilm cells differ in the two major matrix components production, the amyloid fiber protein TasA and exopolysaccharides (EPS), demonstrating different expression levels of corresponding matrix genes. This raises questions regarding matrix gene expression dynamics during biofilm development and the impact of phenotypic non-producers on biofilm robustness. Here, we show that biofilms are structurally heterogeneous and can be separated into strongly and weakly associated clusters. We reveal that spatiotemporal changes in structural heterogeneity correlate with matrix gene expression, with TasA playing a key role in biofilm integrity and timing of development. We show that the matrix remains partially privatized by the producer subpopulation, where cells tightly stick together even when exposed to shear stress. Our results support previous findings on the existence of ‘weak points’ in seemingly robust biofilms as well as on the key role of linkage proteins in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we provide a starting point for investigating the privatization of common goods within isogenic populations.IMPORTANCEBiofilms are communities of bacteria protected by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The detrimental effects of non-producing individuals on biofilm development raises questions about the dynamics between community members, especially when isogenic non-producers exist within wild-type populations. We asked ourselves whether phenotypic non-producers impact biofilm robustness, and where and when this heterogeneity of matrix gene expression occurs. Based on our results we propose that the matrix remains partly privatized by the producing subpopulation, since producing cells stick together when exposed to shear stress. The important role of linkage proteins in robustness and development of the structurally heterogeneous biofilm provides an entry into studying the privatization of common goods within isogenic populations.

Mechanical Loading Modulates Gene Expression in Chondrocyte-Seeded Agarose Hydrogels

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sansan S. Lo ◽  
Robert L. Mauck ◽  
Sara L. Seyhan ◽  
Glyn D. Palmer ◽  
Van C. Mow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Accumulation

Abstract A successful tissue engineered articular cartilage construct needs to possess mechanical, biochemical, and histological features similar to that of native cartilage in order to serve its load-bearing function. Agarose is a suitable scaffold material for chondrocyte cultures (1,2), allowing long-term maintenance of cell phenotype and the elaboration of a functional cartilage-like matrix. This culture system facilitates further elucidation of the roles of matrix and cell-matrix interactions in the regulation of chondrocyte response to mechanical loads. We have previously shown (3) that mechanical loading at a physiologic frequency can increase the rate of matrix deposition, increasing mechanical properties of the tissue engineered constructs (∼21 fold increases in HA over day 0 with loading vs. ∼4 fold increases for free swelling controls). We have also shown that dynamic loading of transiently transfected chondrocytes in agarose hydrogels for 1 hour at 10% strain increased aggrecan promoter activity by ∼1.5 fold (4). In this study we sought to further characterize the short term response of chondrocytes to static load (by measuring aggrecan promoter activity) and the effects of dynamic compression on aggrecan gene expression over a longer (3 day) culture period (by monitoring mRNA levels). Monitoring matrix gene expression during early times of culture, when there is little matrix accumulation and the cells deform directly with the matrix (5), may provide insights into cellular responses to strain and allow for the optimization of cartilage bioreactor conditions.

Use of Protein a Conjugated to Peroxidase to Localize Immunoglobulin G in SSPE Ferret Brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Anthony F. Nostro ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Sspe Virus ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Brain

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing disease of the CNS in children which is caused by measles virus. Ferrets immunized with measles virus prior to inoculation with the cell associated, syncytiogenic D.R. strain of SSPE virus exhibit characteristics very similar to the human disease. Measles virus nucleocapsids are present, high measles antibody titers are found in the sera and inflammatory lesions are prominent in the brains. Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) is present in the brain,and IgG/ albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS.

Increased matrix gene expression by glucose in rat neural connective tissue cells in culture

Diabetes ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Muona ◽  
J. Peltonen ◽  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
J. Uitto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Tissue Cells

scholarly journals OP0248 DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D SKIN MICROTISSUE MODEL FOR FIBROTIC DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 151.2-152
Author(s):  
E. Pachera ◽  
G. Kania ◽  
A. Juengel ◽  
M. Calcagni ◽  
O. Distler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Matrix Gene

Background:Traditional preclinical approaches, such as two-dimensional cell culture and animal models, are often inadequate to mimic the pathophysiological features of complex diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Human specific targets, such as the recently described pro-fibrotic long non coding RNA (lncRNA) H19X1, are becoming increasingly relevant in preclinical research, creating the need of new strategies and tools in translational medicine. The employment of novel three-dimensional (3D) culture systems, where multiple cell types are included, is filling an important gap left by the traditional preclinical methods.Objectives:To develop an easy to produce 3D fibrotic skin microtissues model for translational proof of concept studies.Methods:Two thousand five hundred dermal fibroblasts isolated from skin of SSc patients were seeded in ultra-low attachment 96-well plates. Fibroblast were let to aggregate into spheres for 48h. Two thousand five hundred primary normal human keratinocytes were added to the culture and let to layer onto the fibroblast spheres for 72h. H19X silencing experiments were used as proof of concept studies. H19X silencing with antisense oligonucleotides or transfections with a scrambled control were performed in fibroblasts prior to the sphere formation for 24h. TGFβ (10 ng/ml) was added to microtissue to exacerbate the fibrotic phenotype. Haematoxylin eosin staining as well as immunohistochemistry staining for vimentin and cytokeratin 10 was performed. Skin microtissues were processed for RNA and protein isolation. Pro-collagen Iα1 and fibronectin were quantified in the supernatants with ELISA.Results:The microtissues presented a core of SSc fibroblast as revealed by vimentin staining and an external layer of keratinocytes as revealed by cytokeratin 10 staining, mimicking the human skin architecture. Gene expression analysis following TGFβ stimulation displayed induced expression of extracellular matrix gene COL1A1 (p=0.044) and the myofibroblast marker ACTA2 (p=0.018), indicating that the microtissues were able to develop a fibrotic response. Microtissues, where H19X was silenced, displayed reduced gene expression of COL1A1 and ACTA2 after TGFβ stimulation (COL1A1 p=0.007, ACTA2 p=0.045). Additionally, H19X silencing led to lower levels of αSMA protein expression (p=0.009) and pro-collagen1α1 secretion (p=0.039) in the supernatant of the microtissue cultures as revealed by Western Blot and ELISA, respectively. FN1 expression and fibronectin protein levels were not significantly reduced in the microtissues after H19X silencing.Conclusion:We were able to produce a 3D microtissue resembling skin architecture that can respond to fibrotic stimuli. Knockdown experiments of pro-fibrotic lncRNA H19X confirmed the potential of the model as screening platform for novel pro-fibrotic effectors. A future aim will be to optimize the model for high-throughput automated screening platforms.References:[1]Pachera, E., et al. (2020). “Long noncoding RNA H19X is a key mediator of TGF-β–driven fibrosis.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 130(9): 4888-4905.Disclosure of Interests:Elena Pachera: None declared, Gabriela Kania: None declared, Astrid Juengel: None declared, Maurizio Calcagni Speakers bureau: Arthrex, Consultant of: Medartis, Arthrex, SilkBiomaterials, Grant/research support from: Medartis, Oliver Distler Speakers bureau: Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Novartis, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Actelion, Acceleron Pharma, Amgen, AnaMar, Arxx Therapeutics, Bayer, Baecon Discovery, Blade Therapeutics, Boehringer, CSL Behring, ChemomAb, Corpuspharma, Curzion Pharmaceuticals, Ergonex, Galapagos NV, GSK, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva, Italfarmaco, iQvia, -Kymera, Medac, Medscape, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kymera Therapeutics, Mitsubishi Tanabe

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