scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of co-culture of juvenile sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger), with juvenile blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W Purcell ◽  
Jacques Patrois ◽  
Nicolas Fraisse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

scholarly journals Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Delroisse ◽  
Kévin Van Wayneberghe ◽  
Patrick Flammang ◽  
David Gillan ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Skin Ulceration ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

AbstractAquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom—the skin ulceration—and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.

scholarly journals Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Michel R. Claereboudt ◽  
Saud S. Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178. 

Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<strong>Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants.</strong> Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC<sub>50 </sub>of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC<sub>50</sub> 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.

Heavy metal accumulation in tissues of two sea cucumbers, Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria scabra in the northern part of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mohammadizadeh ◽  
Kazem Darvish Bastami ◽  
Maryam Ehsanpour ◽  
Majid Afkhami ◽  
Flora Mohammadizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Free sterol compositions from the sea cucumbers Pseudostichopus trachus, Holothuria (Microtele) nobilis, Holothuria scabra, Trochostoma orientale and Bathyplotes natans

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine A Stonik ◽  
Ljudmila P Ponomarenko ◽  
Tatiana N Makarieva ◽  
Valentine M Boguslavsky ◽  
Andrei S Dmitrenok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Sterol ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

scholarly journals Sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related genes in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and their potential role in gonad maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tipsuda Thongbuakaew ◽  
Saowaros Suwansa-ard ◽  
Arada Chaiyamoon ◽  
Scott F. Cummins ◽  
Prasert Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

AbstractThe sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically valuable marine species which is distributed throughout the Asia–Pacific region. With the natural population declining due to over fishing, aquaculture of this species is deemed necessary. Hence, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating the reproduction in order to increase their populations. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens and progestogens, play an important role in reproduction in most vertebrates and several invertebrates. It has been proposed that sea cucumbers have the same sex steroids as vertebrates but the steroidogenic pathway in the sea cucumbers is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) that sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were present in H. scabra neural and gonadal tissues. In silico searches of available sea cucumber transcriptome data identified 26 steroidogenesis-related genes. Comparative analysis of encoded proteins for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (HscStAR), CYP P450 10, 17 and 3A (HscCYP10, HscCYP17, HscCYP3A) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD) with other species was performed to confirm their evolutionary conservation. Gene expression analyses revealed widespread tissue expression. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that HscStAR, HscCYP10, Hsc3β-HSD, and Hsc17β-HSD gene expressions were similar to those in ovaries and testes, which increased during the gonad maturation. HscCYP17 mRNA was increased during ovarian development and its expression declined at late stages in females but continued high level in males. The expression of the HscCYP3A was high at the early stages of ovarian development, but not at other later stages in ovaries, however it remained low in testes. Moreover, a role for steroids in reproduction was confirmed following the effect of sex steroids on vitellogenin (Vtg) expression in ovary explant culture, showing upregulation of Vtg level. Collectively, this study has confirmed the existence of steroids in an echinoderm, as well as characterizing key genes associated with the steroidogenic pathway. We propose that sex steroids might also be associated with the reproduction of H. scabra, and the identification of biosynthetic genes enables future functional studies to be performed.

Survival and growth of cultured juvenile sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra

Aquaculture ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 178 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Battaglene ◽  
J. Evizel Seymour ◽  
Christain Ramofafia
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Survival And Growth

Development of three commercial sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva and Actinopyga mauritiana: larval structure and growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ramofafia ◽  
M. Byrne ◽  
S. C. Battaglene
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Ciliated Band ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Tropical Sea ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sphere Formation

Development of the tropical sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva and Actinopyga mauritiana was investigated. Holothuria scabra developed through the feeding auricularia, the non-feeding doliolaria and the pentactula larval stages in 14–17 days at 26–28�C. Holothuria fuscogilva and A. mauritiana were reared to the auricularia and doliolaria stages respectively. The auricularia stage was reached by 40–70 h and the larvae developed lateral processes and a prominent ciliated band. Transformation to the doliolaria stage took 10–12 h and occurred on Days 9–12 in H. scabra and Days 12–22 in A. mauritiana. During this transition the ciliated band fragmented into ciliary rings, the location of which coincided with the lateral processes in the auriculariae. In H. scabra, metamorphosis to pentactulae (13–15 days) was marked by development of five primary tentacles and a ventroposterior podium. This podium was used to attach to the substratum. Newly settled pentactulae of H. scabra used their tentacles to test, adhere and move across the substratum. Development of a second podium marked the development of juveniles (14–17 days). Hyaline spheres were conspicuous in late auriculariae of H. scabra and may be an indicator of larval competence. They disappeared in the doliolaria stage, which suggests that they may function as nutritive reserves to sustain H. scabra through the non-feeding perimetamorphic period. Absence of these spheres in H. fuscogilva, and their poor growth in A. mauritiana, suggests the feeding protocol used may not be sufficient to support complete development in these species. Determination of food and culture conditions that promote hyaline sphere formation and control bacteria may be essential for successful culture of H. fuscogilva and A.�mauritiana.

scholarly journals Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Lee ◽  
Amanda K. Ford ◽  
Sangeeta Mangubhai ◽  
Christian Wild ◽  
Sebastian C.A. Ferse
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Stichopus Chloronotus ◽  
Shallow Water Sediments

Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.

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