Splenic platelet-sequestration following routine blood transfusion is reduced by filtered/washed blood products

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bareford ◽  
S. T. Chandler ◽  
R. J. Hawker ◽  
N. Jackson ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Routine Blood

Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases, so the blood transfusion system needs to be enhanced. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Ips Cell

In adults, normal hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, producing leukocytes, red blood cells, and platelets. Recently, megakaryocytes have been found in mouse lungs and spleen, where they release platelets by blood flow force. Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions that generate cytopenia. The blood transfusion system must be enhanced due to a drop in blood donors due to low birth rate and changing attitudes among young people, pathogen contamination, and rising demand due to chronic blood diseases that are prevalent among the elderly. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, may proliferate in vitro indefinitely and are a prospective source for blood transfusions to replace blood donations.Platelet preparations can be maintained at room temperature to sustain platelet function, but only have a statutory expiry date of five days. Platelets are anucleate cells, thus irradiation before blood donation can lessen the risk of iPS cell infection. Effective treatment requires HLA-compatible platelet transfusions, although supply limits often leave patients underserved. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection and lower the odds of platelet-expressed human leukocyte antigen Class I cancer-causing iPS cells (HLA-I). This article discusses the production of megakaryocyte cell lines, bioreactors, and scale-up cultures, as well as identifying viable drugs in manufacturing. HLA-null, iPSC-derived platelet products' universal potential will also be explored.

scholarly journals Optimal blood transfusion therapy in haemoglobinopathies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Porter
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Thalassaemia Intermedia

For reasons of time, this short talk will be confined to the optimal frequency, timing, indications and dosing of blood transfusion. Blood transfusion protocols in thalassaemia syndromes are more widely agreed (1) than for sickle disorders but questions still remain about optimal Hb levels, timing and frequency. In transfusion thalassaemia thalassaemias (TDT) , the purpose of blood transfusion is to maximise quality of life by correcting anaemia and suppressing ineffective erythropoiesis, whilst minimising the complications of the transfusion itself. Under-transfusion will limit growth and physical activity while increasing intramedullary and extra-medullary erythroid expansion. Over transfusion may cause unnecessary iron loading and increased risk of extra-hepatic iron deposition however. Although guidelines imply a ‘one size fits all’ approach to transfusion, in reality this is not be the case. Indeed a flexible approach crafted to the patient’s individual requirements and to the local availability of safe blood products is needed for optimal outcomes. For example in HbEβ thalassaemias, the right shifted oxygen dissociation curve tends to lead to better oxygen delivery per gram of Hb than in β thalassaemia intermedia with high Hb F. Patients with Eβthal therefore tend to tolerate lower Hb values than β thalassaemia intermedia. Guidelines aim to balance the benefits of oxygenation and suppression of extra-medullary expansion with those of excessive iron accumulation from overtransfusion. In an Italian TDT population, this balance was optimised with pre-transfusion values of 9.5-10.5g/dl (2). However this may not be universally optimal because of different levels of endogenous erythropoiesis with different genotypes in different populations. Recent work by our group (3) suggests that patients with higher levels of endogenous erythropoiesis, marked by higher levels of soluble transferrin receptors, at significantly lower risk of cardiac iron deposition than in those where endogenous erythropoiesis is less active, as would be the case in transfusion regimes achieving higher levels of pre-transfusion Hb. In sickle cell disorders, the variability in the phenotype between patients and also within a single patient at any given time means that the need for transfusion also varies. A consideration in sickle disorders, not usually applicable to thalassaemia syndromes, is that of exchange transfusion versus simple top up transfusion. Exchanges have the advantages of lower iron loading rates and more rapid lowering of HbS%. Disadvantages of exchange transfusion are of increased exposure to blood products with inherent increased risk of allo-immunisation or infection, requirement for better venous access for adequate blood flow, and requirements for team of operators capable of performing either manual or automated apheresis, often at short notice. Some indications for transfusion in sickle disorders are backed up by randomised controlled data, such as for primary and secondary stroke prevention, or prophylaxis of sickle related complications for high-risk operations (4). Others are widely practiced as standard of care without randomised data, such as treatment of acute sickle chest syndrome. Other indications for transfusion, not backed up by randomised studies, but still widely practiced in selected cases, include the management of pregnancy, leg ulceration or priapism and repeaed vaso-occlusive crises. Allo-immunisation is more common in sickle patients than in thalassaemia disorders and hyper-haemolysis is a rare but growing serious problem in sickle disorders. It is arguable that increased use of transfusion early in life, is indicated to decrease silent stroke rates and that early exposure to blood will decease red cell allo-immunisation rates.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN CHANGES OF HEMOGLOBIN BETWEEN 6-12 HOURS AND 12-14 HOURS AFTER TRANSFUSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Rosita Linda ◽  
Devita Ninda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma ◽  
Hemoglobin Measurement ◽  
Baseline Hemoglobin

Each year more than 41,000 blood donations are needed every day and 30 million blood components are transfused. Blood products that can be transfused include Packed Red Cells (PRC), Whole Blood (WB), Thrombocyte Concentrate (TC), Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Monitoring Hemoglobin (Hb) after transfusion is essential for assessing the success of a transfusion. The time factor after transfusion for Hemoglobin (Hb) examination needs to be established, analyze to judge the success of a blood transfusion which is performed. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in changes of hemoglobin between 6-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion. This study was retrospective observational using secondary data. The subjects were patients who received PRC, and WBC transfusion. At 6-12, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion, hemoglobin, RBC, and hematocrit were measured. Then the data were analyzed by unpaired t-test. The collected data included the results of the Hb pre-transfusion, 6-12, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion. The subjects of this study were 98 people. The administration of transfusion increased by 10-30% in hemoglobin concentration at 6-12 hours after-transfusion. While at 12-24 hours after-transfusion, hemoglobin after-transfusion increased 15-37% from the baseline. Hemoglobin values were not different at any of the defined after-transfusion times (p = 0.76 (p>0.05)). Hemoglobin values were not different at 6-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after-transfusion.    Keywords: Hemoglobin, measurement, after-transfusion 

scholarly journals A SARS-CoV-2-pandémia hatása a vérkészítmény-felhasználásra a Pécsi Tudományegyetemen

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (43) ◽  
pp. 1717-1723
Author(s):  
Sándor Pál ◽  
Barbara Réger ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Hussain Alizadeh ◽  
András Vereczkei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Patient Blood Management ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Blood Management ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Impact

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A COVID–19-világjárvány betegellátásra gyakorolt hatása hazánkban is jelentős. A vérellátást nehezítette a járványügyi intézkedések következményeként a véradási események elmaradása, a csökkent véradási hajlandóság, továbbá a nehezen megítélhető vérkészítményigény . A „Patient Blood Management” irányelveinek az orvosi gyakorlatban történő egyre szélesebb körű alkalmazása elősegíti az optimális vérkészítmény-felhasználást a transzfúziók lehetőség szerinti elkerülésével. Célkitűzés és módszer: Vizsgálatunk célja a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központjának Janus Pannonius Klinikai Tömbjében a vérkészítmény-felhasználás változásainak felmérése volt a 2020. év első öt hónapjában. Eredmények: A járványügyi intézkedéseket követő időszakban szignifikánsan csökkent a hospitalizált betegeknek (34,08%), a transzfúziót igénylő betegeknek (39,69%) és a felhasznált vörösvérsejt-készítményeknek (46,41%) a száma, valamint az egy betegre jutó felhasznált vörösvérsejt-koncentrátum átlaga (2,61-ről 1,97-re) is. Közel 30%-os arányban csökkent a felhasznált friss fagyasztott plazma egységeinek és a thrombocytakoncentrátumoknak a száma is. Következtetés: A szigorú korlátozások életbe léptetését követően a nehézségek ellenére sikerült elegendő mennyiségű vérkészítményt biztosítani a betegeknek. Az Országos Vérellátó Szolgálat Pécsi Regionális Vérellátó Központja munkatársainak és a klinikusok erőfeszítéseinek köszönhetően a vérkészítményigény és -kínálat között új egyensúly alakult ki, mely megfelelő ellátást biztosított a feltétlenül szükséges transzfúziók kivitelezéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723. Summary. Introduction: The impact of COVID–19 pandemic on patient care is pronounced also in Hungary. Blood supply was hindered by the reduction of public blood donation events, the reduced willingness to donate, and the difficult predictability of blood product demand as a result of the epidemiological regulations. The wider application of Patient Blood Management guidelines in the medical practice will promote optimal blood product utilization by avoiding transfusions where possible. Objective and method: The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the usage of blood products in the first five months of 2020 at the Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Janus Pannonius Clinical Building. Results: In the period following the epidemiological measures, we found reduction in the number of hospitalized patients (34.08%), in the number of patients requiring transfusion (39.69%) and in the number of red blood cell products used (46.41%). The number of transfused red blood cell concentrates per patient was also significantly reduced (from 2.61 to 1.97) in this period. The number of transfused fresh frozen plasma units and platelet concentrates also decreased by approximately 30%. Conclusion: After the implementation of the strict restrictions, despite the difficulties, it was possible to provide patients with sufficient blood products. Due to the efforts of both the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Pécs of the Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service and of the clinicians, a new balance was established between the demand and the supply of blood products, which provided adequate care for the necessary transfusions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723.

scholarly journals Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan HIV pada Darah Donor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Bagus Triatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Voluntary Donor ◽  
Filter Test ◽  
Research Type

HIV cases in Jepara District in recent years have demanded the handling of several aspects simultaneously including the Blood Transfusion Unit (BTU). HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusion or other blood products. BTU of PMI Jepara Regency carries out recruitment of voluntary donor from Jepara society. The HIV examination as part of an IMLTD screening test is done for safety of donor blood. The HIV examination in all donor blood uses rapid and elisa method. Examination results are stated as reactive and non reactive. Research objective to find out the description of HIV examination results in donor blood at the BTU of PMI Kabupaten Jepara in 2019. Research method the research type was descriptive using records of donor data at BTU of PMI Kabupaten Jepara in 2019. The examination results of reactive HIV in 12 donor blood (0,08%). non-reactive blood donor of HIV  in age groups 18 years, 18-24, 25-44, 45-59, and ≥ 60 years respectively 9,55%, 22,39%, 51,75%, 16,01% and 0,21%. Reactive HIV in age groups 18-24, 25-44, and 45-59 years were 0,034%, 0,034%, and 0,13%. Non-reactive HIV in men 68,22% and in women 31,70%. Reactive HIV in men 0,07%, and women 0,01%. Non-reactive HIV in voluntary donor blood was 99,779% and substitute donor was 0,127%. HIV of reactive voluntary donor blood was 0,074%, and substitute donor was 0,007%. HIV filter test is indispensable for blood safety because the age, gender and blood type of donors have the potential for reactive HIV.

scholarly journals Haemovigilance: New approach for safe Blood transfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sravya Sree ◽  
Pasikhanti Shailaja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Safe Blood

Haemovigilance is an urgent need of the country to identify and prevent occurrence or recurrence of transfusion related adverse reactions, thereby to increase the safety and quality of blood transfusion and blood products administration. Haemovigilance is an organised scheme of monitoring, identifying, reporting, investigating and analysing adverse events and reactions pertinent to transfusion and manufacturing blood products. Thus the information collected will facilitate corrective and preventive actions to minimise the potential risks associated with blood collection, processing and transfusion to patients. Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission has started a Haemovigilance Program of India (HvPI) in 2012 under its Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) in collaboration with National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, under Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India with a primary objective to track adverse reactions/events and incidences associated with blood transfusion and blood product administration. The main objective of this article is to brief (s) about the system which monitors each and every step of transfusion reaction.

Quality assurance in the blood transfusion services

1993 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
John D. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Staff Involvement

SynopsisBlood transfusion services, in almost all parts of the developed world, are subject to the same rigours of quality standards as those applied to the rest of the pharmaceutical industry. These standards are established and monitored by governments but are greatly enhanced by staff involvement and commitment. More recent developments, which in some respects are unique to blood transfusion services, have been the commitment of many blood transfusion services to engage in an audit process which seeks to define better the most appropriate uses of blood and blood products.

A Child has a Right to Blood Transfusion Services in Nigeria, despite the Religious Status of the Parents or Guardians

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchejeso M Obeta
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Life Saving

Red blood cell transfusion is an important and frequent component of neonatal intensive care. Whereas blood and blood products transfusion can help a patient (child) recover from a serious illness, surgery or injury, because of the religious beliefs of some parents or guardians, a child may be denied the benefit of this life-saving service. Several legal statutes and precedents exist to protect the rights of children in need of life-saving blood transfusions where denied this opportunity to be transfused and survive. The awareness of these extant laws and statutes are critical for the empowerment of healthcare providers in the performance of their role within the provisions of the law and medical ethics.

Developing a National Registry for Hemochromatosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Indu Singh ◽  
Janelle Guerrero ◽  
Michael J. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hereditary Hemochromatosis ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Red Cell Transfusion

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is a disorder where iron and ferritin concentrations in a patient's blood are much higher than normal healthy levels. The main therapeutic intervention for individuals with HH is removing 300-500 mL of blood every few months to maintain ferritin concentration within acceptable ranges. The blood collected during these venesections is usually discarded as there is a belief that blood with high levels of ferritin are not suitable for blood transfusion purposes. Australian Red Cross Blood Services voluntarily collects blood from donors for subsequent use in blood transfusion. Annually more than 700 thousand units are transfused within Australia and there is a constant need for new donors given the significant imbalance between supply and demand of blood products. Besides red cell transfusions, the Red Cross also issues donor blood for development of many other blood products essential for patient health care. The HH blood can currently be used for other blood products if not for red cell transfusion. However, there is evidence to suggest that there is no significant difference between the red cells of the normal healthy population compared to those from HH patients. Australian Red Cross has developed a mobile computer application (High Ferritin “app”) as they have started collecting blood from HH patients. Though there is little or no awareness about the existence and use of this High Ferritin app in general HH population, their doctors and nurses collecting their blood for therapeutic purposes. This chapter describes possibility of saving and utilizing the blood collected from hemochromatosis patients for therapeutic purposes. A national hemochromatosis patients registry, in collaboration with High Ferritin app (HFa) developed by Australian Red Cross Blood Services, accessible to the patients, their doctors and Red Cross Blood Collection Sservices 24 hours a day anywhere in the country can allow the patients to donate the blood collected for therapeutic purposes at any affiliated blood collection center in the country after they automatically get a message either by email or text message after their blood results have been reviewed by their doctor and they are required to go for venesection.

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