Texture of cellulose microfibrils of root hair cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula,
 and Vicia sativa

Nod factors are signaling molecules secreted by Rhizobium bacteria. These lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are required for symbiosis with legumes and can elicit specific responses at subnanomolar concentrations on a compatible host. How plants perceive LCOs is unclear. In this study, using fluorescent Nod factor analogs, we investigated whether sulfated and nonsulfated Nod factors were bound and perceived differently by Medicago truncatula and Vicia sativa root hairs. The bioactivity of three novel sulfated fluorescent LCOs was tested in a root hair deformation assay on M. truncatula, showing bioactivity down to 0.1 to 1 nM. Fluorescence microscopy of plasmolyzed M. truncatula root hairs shows that sulfated fluorescent Nod factors accumulate in the cell wall of root hairs, whereas they are absent from the plasma membrane when applied at 10 nM. When the fluorescent Nod factor distribution in medium surrounding a root was studied, a sharp decrease in fluorescence close to the root hairs was observed, visualizing the remarkable capacity of root hairs to absorb Nod factors from the medium. Fluorescence correlation microscopy was used to study in detail the mobilities of sulfated and nonsulfated fluorescent Nod factors which are biologically active on M. truncatula and V. sativa, respectively. Remarkably, no difference between sulfated and nonsulfated Nod factors was observed: both hardly diffuse and strongly accumulate in root hair cell walls of both M. truncatula and V. sativa. The implications for the mode of Nod factor perception are discussed.

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Plasma-Activated Water Modulates Root Hair Cell Density via Root Developmental Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L.

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2240

Author(s):

Dong Hyeun Ka ◽

Ryza Aditya Priatama ◽

Joo Young Park ◽

Soon Ju Park ◽

Seong Bong Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Hair Cell ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Cell Density ◽

Root Hair ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Root Hair Cell ◽

Plasma Treatment Time ◽

Plasma Activated Water

Low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma technology has been used in agriculture and plant science by direct and indirect treatment of bio-samples. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms affected by plasma-activated water (PAW) are largely unexplored. In this study, PAW generated from a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) device was used for plant development. Physicochemical analysis was performed to confirm the PAW properties that correlated with the plasma treatment time. Arabidopsis thaliana L. was utilized to study the effect of the PAW treatment in the early developmental stage. The plasma-activated water samples are denoted as PAW5 time in minutes (min), PAW7 min, PAW12 min, PAW19 min and PAW40 min with the plasma treatment time. Seedlings grown in the PAW5, PAW7 and PAW12 had increased root lengths while the root lengths were decreased in the PAW19 and PAW40. In the cellular level observation, the PAW treatment specifically increased the root hair numbers per unit of the root but suppressed the root hair length in the PAW, indicating that PAW mainly modulates the root hair cell density in the root. Furthermore, we found that the root hair density and length at PAW5 in maximal observed conditions were positively regulated by root developmental-related genes including COBRA-LIKE9 (COBL9), XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE9 (XTH9), XTH17, AUXIN1 (AUX1) and LIKE-AUXIN (LAX3).

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The Ultrastructure of Pea Root Hair Cell Walls

Advances in Nitrogen Fixation Research ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-6923-0_206 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 417-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Goosen-de Roo ◽

A. M. Mommaas-Kienhuis ◽

J. W. Kijne

Keyword(s):

Hair Cell ◽

Root Hair ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Root Hair Cell ◽

Pea Root

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Characterization of Root Hair Cell Walls as Potential Barriers to the Infection of Plants by Rhizobia

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.86.2.638 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 638-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Andrew J. Mort ◽

Paul B. Grover

Keyword(s):

Hair Cell ◽

Root Hair ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Potential Barriers ◽

Root Hair Cell

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Functional conservation of a root hair cell-specific cis-element in angiosperms with different root hair distribution patterns.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1051544.503448 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Liam Dolan

Keyword(s):

Hair Cell ◽

Root Hair ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Functional Conservation ◽

Cis Element ◽

Root Hair Cell

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Root hair deformation in the infection process of Alnus rubra

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-319 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (11) ◽

pp. 2863-2876 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Alison M. Berry ◽

John G. Torrey

Keyword(s):

Root Hair ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Infection Process ◽

Alnus Rubra ◽

Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽

Developmental Studies ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Root Hair Cell ◽

Root Hair Deformation

Structural and cell developmental studies of root hair deformation in Alnus rubra Bong. (Betulaceae) were carried out following inoculation with the soil pseudomonad Pseudomonas cepacia 85, alone or in concert with Frankia, and using axenically grown seedlings. Deformational changes can be observed in elongating root hairs within 2 h of inoculation with P. cepacia 85. These growing root hairs become branched or multilobed and highly modified from the single-tip growth of axenic root hairs. The cell walls of deformed hairs are histologically distinctive when stained with the fluorochrome acridine orange. Filtrate studies using P. cepacia 85 suggest that the deforming substance is not a low molecular weight compound. Root hair deformation and the associated wall histology are host specific in that Betula root hairs show none of these responses when grown and inoculated in the experimental conditions described. The bacterially induced changes in root hair cell walls during deformation may create a chemically and physically modified substrate for Frankia penetration, and the deformation itself may serve to entrap and enclose the filamentous organism, allowing wall dissolution and entry. Thus these events represent a complex host response as a precondition to successful nodulation.

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