First report of pospiviroids infecting ornamentals in the Netherlands: Citrus exocortis viroid in Verbena sp., Potato spindle tuber viroid in Brugmansia suaveolens and Solanum jasminoides, and Tomato apical stunt viroid in Cestrum sp.

Recent identifications of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Solanum jasminoides (3,4) prompted the testing of this plant species for infections with other pospiviroids. From autumn of 2006 to spring of 2007, samples from symptomless plants of S. jasminoides were collected in Belgium (3 samples ranging from 75 to 150 plants), Germany (3 samples ranging from 1 to 200 plants), and the Netherlands (3 samples ranging from 2 to 200 plants). Samples were tested for pospiviroids by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using the Pospi1-FW/RE and Vid-FW/RE (2) and PSTV-Nb-FW (5′-ggatccccggggaaacctgga-3′)/RE (5′-ggatccctgaagcgctcctcc-3′) primer sets. Each set amplifies several but not all pospiviroids. The first and last primer sets amplified PCR products from six samples. The full-length genomes of all six isolates were amplified using primer pairs CEVd-FW1/RE1 (1) and CEVd-FW2 (5′-gtgctcacctgaccctgcagg-3′)/RE2 (5′-accacaggaacctcaagaaag-3′), which are fully complementary to both Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd). Sequence analysis of the PCR products identified CEVd from two samples each from Germany and the Netherlands and TASVd from one sample each from Germany and Belgium (plants were imported from Israel). Although the sequences of the different CEVd isolates from S. jasminoides were not identical, all exhibited more than 95% identity with a CEVd isolate from Vicia faba (GenBank Accession No. EF494687). Both TASVd sequences were identical and showed 99.2% identity to a TASVd isolate from tomato (GenBank Accession No. AY 062121). Two nucleotide sequences of CEVd were submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. EU094207 and EU094208). The two other CEVd sequences and the TASVd sequence were submitted to the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database as Accession Nos. AM774356, AM774357, and AM777161. In addition to identification from S. jasminoides by sequence analysis, TASVd infection in the S. jasminoides sample from Germany and CEVd in one sample from the Netherlands was confirmed by mechanical inoculation to tomato followed by RT-PCR using the two CEVd-FW/RE primer pairs and analysis of the sequenced PCR product. Infection by CEVd and TASVd was also confirmed in the German samples by Northern hybridization and TASVd was confirmed in the Belgian sample by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of CEVd and TASVd in S. jasminoides. The viroids do not reduce the quality of S. jasminoides plants; however, the infected plants may act as infection sources for other crops. References: (1) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (2) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Dis. 90:1359, 2006. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Pathol. 57:399, 2008.

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First Report of the Presence of Tomato apical stunt viroid on Tomato in Sénégal

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-3-0330c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 330-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Candresse ◽

A. Marais ◽

F. Ollivier ◽

E. Verdin ◽

D. Blancard

Keyword(s):

Ivory Coast ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽

First Report ◽

Stunt Viroid ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

New Information ◽

Leaf Chlorosis ◽

Viroid Infection ◽

Leaf Curl Virus

Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) was initially discovered in the Ivory Coast (2). It was later reported in Indonesia and more recently was found to be responsible for severe outbreaks in protected tomatoes in Israel (1) and Tunisia (3). Although not of quarantine status, TASVd is included in the EPPO alert list. In 2005, severe arrest of apical growth and leaf chlorosis were observed in tomato samples from northern Sénégal. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus was initially identified in some samples, but since the symptoms observed were reminiscent of those associated with viroid infection, samples were analyzed by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular hybridization with a Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) probe. Positive results prompted a reanalysis by reverse transcription-PCR assays specific for PSTVd or TASVd. Positive amplification was only obtained with the TASVd-specific primers (Vir+ GGGGAAACCTGGAGGAA and Vir- GGGGATCCCTGAAGGAC), and the identity of the viroid confirmed by sequencing of the amplified fragment. The complete genome sequence obtained (GenBank Accession No. EF051631) shows 94 to 96% identity with other TASVd sequences in the databases, the highest homology being with the original Ivory Coast isolate (96%, 11 mutations, and 4 indels for the 362-nt genome). These results provide new information on the diversity of TASVd and of its detrimental potential for tomato crops and represent, to our knowledge, the first report of the presence of TASVd in Sénégal. References: (1) Y. Antignus et al. Phytoparasitica 30:502, 2002. (2) C. R. Walter. Acad. Sci. 292:537, 1981. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Disease 90:528, 2006.

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First Report of Hop stunt viroid and Citrus exocortis viroid on Fig with Symptoms of Fig Mosaic Disease

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01205.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 125-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Yakoubi ◽

A. Elleuch ◽

N. Besaies ◽

M. Marrakchi ◽

H. Fakhfakh

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Disease ◽

First Report ◽

Stunt Viroid ◽

Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽

Hop Stunt Viroid

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First report of citrus exocortis viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid, hop stunt viroid and citrus dwarfing viroid in Lao PDR

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s13313-020-00740-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 661-663

Author(s):

N. J. Donovan ◽

G. A. Chambers ◽

A. Englezou ◽

S. Phanthavong ◽

A. Daly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lao Pdr ◽

First Report ◽

Stunt Viroid ◽

Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽

Hop Stunt Viroid

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First Report of a Brugmansia sp. Infected by Tomato apical stunt viroid in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-10-0638 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 495-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Olivier ◽

E. Demonty ◽

J. Govers ◽

K. Belkheir ◽

S. Steyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽

Bumble Bees ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Leaf Sample ◽

First Report ◽

Stunt Viroid ◽

Mediterranean Plant

During a routine screening of ornamentals by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) in Belgium, a pospiviroid was detected in a symptomless Brugmansia sp. (angel's trumpets) coming from the Netherlands. Detection was performed on a leaf sample by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, first using universal pospiviroid primer pair (2) VIR1/VIR2 and subsequently with semispecific primer pair (3) CEVd-FW/RE, to amplify the whole viroid genome. Amplicons of expected sizes (260 and 360 bp, respectively) were detected and the sequencing of the CEVd-FW/RE amplicon (GenBank Accession No. FN994891) revealed that the viroid from a Brugmansia sp. was a Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) showing 99.7% similarity with the Sj1 isolate found in Solanum jasminoides (GenBank Accession No. AM777161). Diluted-sap inoculation attempts on tomato from lyophilized material were unsuccessful in agreement with previous results obtained with a Brugmansia isolate of Potato spindle tuber viroid (4). TASVd is mentioned on the alert list of EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) because of the heavy yield losses it can induce in tomato, its asymptomatic presence on different ornamental plants (S. jasminoides, Lycianthes rantonnetii, and Streptosolen jamesonii), and its capacity to be transmitted by contact to different Solanaceae as well as by bumble bees to tomato (1). The contaminated plants found in the survey by FASFC have been destroyed to avoid accidental transmission to potato and tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TASVd in a Brugmansia sp. References: (1) Y. Antignus et al. Plant Dis. 91:47, 2007. (2) R. A. Mumford et al. EPPO Bulletin 30:431, 2000. (3) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven. Ph.D. thesis. Wageningen University, Netherlands, 2010.

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Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of potato spindle tuber viroid and chrysanthemum stunt viroid isolates in Russia

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-021-02339-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yosuke Matsushita ◽

Hironobu Yanagisawa ◽

Aleksandr Khiutti ◽

Nina Mironenko ◽

Yasuo Ohto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽

Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid ◽

Stunt Viroid

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A mutual titer-enhancing relationship and similar localization patterns between Citrus exocortis viroid and Hop stunt viroid co-infecting two citrus cultivars

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-015-0357-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chun-Yi Lin ◽

Meng-Ling Wu ◽

Tang-Long Shen ◽

Ting-Hsuan Hung

Keyword(s):

Stunt Viroid ◽

Citrus Exocortis Viroid ◽

Hop Stunt Viroid

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First Report of Dickeya solani Causing Soft Rot in Imported Bulbs of Hyacinthus orientalis in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-14-0916-pdn ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 155-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X. F. Chen ◽

H. L. Zhang ◽

J. Chen

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Potato Production ◽

Sterile Water ◽

First Report ◽

Hyacinthus Orientalis ◽

Dickeya Solani ◽

Negative Controls

A bacterial pathogen, Dickeya solani, emerged as a major threat to potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Europe in 2004 and has spread to many potato-growing regions via international trade. In December 2013, soft rot symptoms were observed in hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs imported from the Netherlands into China at Ningbo Port. Diseased bulbs gave off an offensive odor. The base and internal parts of diseased bulbs rotted, and the margins of diseased tissues showed brown discoloration. Isolation on nutrient agar glucose (NAG) medium resulted in dominating colonies of characteristic “fried egg” morphology (1). One colony was chosen for further investigation and tentatively named “isolate 6165-3.” Under microscopic visualization after gram stain, the cells of isolate 6165-3 were gram-negative, motile, and rod shaped. The isolate was then identified as a member of genus Dickeya using the Biolog GN microplate. The 16S rRNA, recA, and dnaX sequences of isolate 6165-3 were subsequently determined and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KM405240, KM405241, and KM405242, sharing 99% (16S rRNA), 100% (recA), and 100% (dnaX) nucleotide identity with those of known D. solani isolates, respectively. By this means, the isolate 6165-3 was identified as D. solani (1,2). To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate, four plants each of 30-day-old hyacinth, 14-day-old potato, and 60-day-old moth orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) were inoculated with suspensions of the isolate with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml in sterile water by stabbing. Plants were incubated in a climate chamber at 28°C during the day and 24°C during the night with a relative humidity of 93% and a photoperiod of 12/12 h. Plants inoculated with sterile water were included as negative controls. After 2 or 3 days, typical symptoms such as water-soaked lesions and soft rot developed around the inoculation point, while the negative controls remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating bacteria from lesions, which had identical sequence and morphology characters with the inoculated isolate. This is the first report of intercepted D. solani on hyacinth bulbs imported from the Netherlands into China, indicating that D. solani can spread via hyacinth. Further spread of the pathogen into potato production might lead to immeasurable economic consequences for China. References: (1) P. F. Sarris et al. New Dis. Rep. 24:21, 2011. (2) J. M. van der Wolf et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64:768, 2014.

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