Influence of temperature and photoperiod on sprouting capacity of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis root buds

Weed Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
J LIEW ◽  
L ANDERSSON ◽  
U BOSTRÖM ◽  
J FORKMAN ◽  
I HAKMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Sprouting Capacity ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Chlorsulfuron in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Both14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzensulfonamide} were readily absorbed by Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] leaves, with 99 and 75%, respectively, of the applied doses absorbed 144 h after application. Absorbed14C-clopyralid was rapidly exported from the treated leaves, whereas14C-chlorsulfuron was translocated much more slowly. After 144 h, 29% of the applied14C-clopyralid and 5% of the applied14C-chlorsulfuron were recovered in the roots and developing root buds of Canada thistle plants. Smaller amounts of the two herbicides were absorbed and translocated in perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL. ♯ SONAR) than in Canada thistle. More14C-clopyralid than14C-chlorsulfuron was absorbed and translocated out of treated leaves of perennial sowthistle, but equal amounts, 3 to 4% of the applied doses, were recovered in the roots and root buds 144 h after application. Foliar applications of clopyralid, followed by removal of the treated shoot 24, 72, or 144 h after application, markedly reduced shoot regrowth in both Canada thistle and perennial sowthistle. Similar treatment with chlorsulfuron did not prevent shoot regrowth in either species.

Віталітетна структура популяцій деяких видів бур’янів у посівах зернових культур

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Досліджено особливості розвитку популяцій сегетальних видів (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sonchus arvensis L., Melandium album (Mill.) Garke, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) А. Lоve) у посівах зернових культур (пшениці озимої, жита, ячменю, гречки, гороху), які не оброблялися гербіцидами у господарствах лісостепової зони на території Сумської області. 

Fall-Applied Glyphosate for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Carlson ◽  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Root Buds

Effects of repeated late-fall applications of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 1.7 kg ae/ha plus 0.5% (v/v) surfactant on adventitious root buds, thickened propagative roots (> 1.3 mm diam), and shoot density of Canada thistle were studied in continuous hard red spring wheat over a 4-yr period. Glyphosate suppressed Canada thistle shoot density more quickly and to a greater extent than thickened root fresh weight or root bud number. A single fall application of glyphosate drastically decreased Canada thistle shoot density for 1 yr after treatment. However, shoot density was the same as the untreated control by 2 yr after a single fall treatment. Two consecutive late-fall applications of glyphosate in 2 yr decreased Canada thistle shoot density 94% in the fall 1 yr after the last treatment. Glyphosate reduced Canada thistle thickened root fresh weight 70% in the first fall 1 yr after a single fall treatment. However, 2 yr after a single fall application of glyphosate, root fresh weight equalled the controls. Two consecutive fall applications of glyphosate reduced thickened root fresh weight 77% 1 yr after the second treatment.

Chlorsulfuron Effects on Shoot Growth and Root Buds of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Secondary Shoot ◽  
Root Buds

The effect of 67 g ai/ha chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} on Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] root bud growth was examined in a series of greenhouse trials in which potted plants were treated with foliar sprays. Injury to root buds was assayed by determining their ability to form secondary shoots. Added surfactant, 0.2% (v/v) oxysorbic [oxysorbic (20 POE) polyethylene sorbitan monooleate], did not enhance chlorsulfuron-induced inhibition of parent shoot growth, but it increased root bud injury from foliarly applied chlorsulfuron. Cuttings taken from controls formed more secondary shoots than did chlorsulfuron-treated plants 2 weeks following spraying. However, root fresh weight and final secondary shoot growth from cut roots were unchanged 3 weeks after chlorsulfuron treatment compared to the time of spraying. Foliar treatment or a combination of foliar and soil treatment inhibited root fresh weight accumulation and secondary shoot growth equally 1 month following treatment relative to harvest controls. Soil treatment alone did not reduce either root fresh weight gains or secondary shoot outgrowth from root buds. Foliar treatment of vegetative Canada thistle with chlorsulfuron inhibited subsequent secondary shoot outgrowth from root buds more than did treatment at flowering.

Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Root Bud Development and Assimilate Translocation in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray S. McAllister ◽  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phloem Translocation ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Root Buds

Adventitious root bud development and assimilate translocation were studied in Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] grown in nutrient solution in controlled environments using combinations of two photoperiods (PP) (13 and 15 h), three day/night shoot temperatures (ST) (15/5, 25/15, and 30/22 C), and three root temperatures (RT) (10, 20, and 30 C). Total root bud elongation increased with RT and length of PP and was greatest (65 cm/plant) at 25/15 C ST, 15-h PP, and 30 C RT. The number of root buds produced was greatest at 20 C RT (7.3 to 10.3 buds/plant), whereas variations in PP and ST had little effect. Total dry-matter production was greatest (7.2 g/plant) at 15-h PP, 30/22 C ST, and 20 C RT. To study phloem translocation, photoassimilates were labeled in Canada thistle plants by exposing mature leaves to14CO2. Net assimilate translocation from a source leaf following 24-h temperature acclimation was affected little by RT and ST, but was greater under the 13-h PP than under the 15-h PP. After 7 days of temperature preconditioning, net translocation of14C-assimilates increased with both RT and ST, but no effects due to PP were noted. With 24-h temperature acclimation, net assimilate accumulation in roots was enhanced by 13-h PP and low ST (15/5 C), whereas RT itself had no effect. In temperature-preconditioned plants, 10 C RT enhanced assimilate accumulation in roots, but ST and PP had no effect.

Effect of Soil-Applied Chlorsulfuron on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Root and Root Bud Growth

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Root Buds

Chlorsulfuron [2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide], applied at 9 to 560 g ai/ha to the soil surface, stopped shoot elongation of well established Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. #4CIRAR] plants in the greenhouse. Root fresh weight decreased progressively as chlorsulfuron rate was increased when measured 1 month after treatment. In contrast, the number of visible root buds plus secondary shoots increased 1.9- to 2.3-fold between 9 and 67 g/ha chlorsulfuron 1 month after soil surface treatment. Despite more numerous root buds, the number of secondary shoots arising from adventitious root buds progressively decreased as chlorsulfuron rate was raised. Increases in the number of visible root buds were observed first between 3 and 4 weeks following soil application with 67 g/ha of chlorsulfuron, 2 weeks after shoot growth stopped.

Seasonal Variations in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Root Bud Growth and Root Carbohydrate Reserves

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray S. McAllister ◽  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Light ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Root Buds

Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. # CIRAR] root samples were collected at monthly intervals over a 2-yr period from two locations to determine seasonal fluctuations in the presence and growth potential of root buds. Root bud growth was highest during late fall and winter months following death of the aerial shoots. Root fragments incubated at a constant 15 C for 2 weeks in continuous light consistently had more buds than nonincubated roots, which indicated active bud differentiation during the incubation period. Incubated roots produced 3 to 9 cm of new shoot length/cm root length. There were no obvious seasonal patterns in the presence of root buds or their ability to elongate at different times of the year. Carbohydrate reserves were stored preferentially in roots rather than in developing root buds or the bases of shoots. These reserves ranged from as low as 3% of root fresh weight during spring months to as high as 26% in late fall months, although the levels did not increase consistently during summer months over the locations and years of this study.

scholarly journals Chemical control of curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) and other weeds in noncropped areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova ◽  
Plamen Marinov-Serafimov
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Rumex crispus L. is an invasive species widespread in our country and in particular in the region of North Bulgaria. It is characterized by high biological and ecological plasticity. Owing to its great reproductive potential, the weed has been assigned to the list of economically most important weeds in the country. With the purpose of studying the possibility of chemical weed control in noncropped areas with heavy natural background infestation with R. crispus L. and other dicotyledonous weeds, two field trials were carried out. A ready-to-use herbicide mixture 2,4-D 140.2 g/l-1 + Triclopyr 144 g/l-1, trade product Genoxon 3X (X0050), was tested at two doses of active ingredient, 3552 and 2842 ml/ha-1. It was found that: (1) population density of Rumex crispus L. can be successfully reduced by treatment at the stage of early stem formation; herbicide efficacy with 3552 and 2882 ml/ha-1 doses on the 21st day after treatment was 100% and 90.5%, respectively, at the end of vegetation 94.4 and 85.7%, respectively; (2) herbicidal efficacy was lower when R. crispus L. was treated at the 5 - 6 leaf stage, being 100 - 94.1% and 80 - 76.5% respectively for the indicated doses and time of recording; (3) at the studied doses the herbicide controlled both annual dicotyledonous weeds (Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium album L., Portulaca oleracea L.) and perennial dicotyledonous ones (Cirsium arvense L., Sonchus arvensis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Carduus acanthoides L.), but it was not toxic to monocotyledonous weeds.

scholarly journals Действие систем земледелия на видовой состав сорных растений и урожайность ячменя

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
E.V. Noskova ◽  
S.V. Shchukin ◽  
T.P. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Исследования проводились на дерновоподзолистой среднесуглинистой почве нормального увлажнения. В опыте изучалось влияние органических и минеральных удобрений в разной дозе на видовой состав сорных растений в посевах и урожайность зерна ячменя. Система органического земледелия в посевах ячменя способствовала уменьшению доли участия многолетних видов на 9,8 в сравнении с контролем. В посевах наблюдалось 2 вида многолетних сорняков осот полевой (1,5) и бодяк полевой (1,1). С использованием органической системы земледелия увеличивается доля участия осота полевого на 1,1, снижается доля участия бодяка полевого на 9,4. Применение органоминеральных удобрений с полной дозой и их с пестицидами также привело к снижению доли участия многолетников на 5,2 в сравнении с контролем. На данных фонах наблюдалось снижение доли участия бодяка полевого (на 5,8 8,3) и чистеца болотного (на 1,1), повышение доли участия осота полевого (на 2,1 2,9). Применение органоминеральных удобрений с пониженной дозой, наоборот, содействовало увеличению доли участия многолетних видов сорных растений на 1,3. Наибольшее число видов малолетних сорных растений (11 видов) отмечается при внесении органоминеральных удобрений с полной дозой. По всем системам земледелия преобладала марь белая. Хорошо отзывались на органическую систему земледелия такие виды, как горцы, дымянка аптечная, мятлик однолетний, незабудка полевая и подмаренник цепкий на органоминеральную горцы, дымянка аптечная, пастушья сумка обыкновенная, торица полевая, ярутка полевая и яснотка пурпуровая. Урожайность зерна ячменя повышалась при внесении органоминеральных удобрений в полной дозе на 20,7 ц/га (на 184,8) в сравнении с контролем.The researches were carried out on sodpodzolic medium loamy soil of normal moisture. The effect of organic and mineral fertilizers in different doses on the species composition of weedage in crops and the yield of barley grain was studied in the experiment. The organic cropping system in barley sowings contributed to a 9.8 decrease in the participation of perennial species in comparison with the control. Two species of perennial weeds were observed in the sowings sonchus arvensis (L., 1.5) and cirsium arvense (L., 1.1). With the use of the organic cropping system the share of participation of sonchus arvensis increases by 1.1 and the share of participation of cirsium arvense decreases by 9.4. The use of organomineral fertilizers with a full dose and their pesticides also led to a decrease in the share of perennials by 5.2 in comparison with the control. On these backgrounds there was a decrease in the participation share of cirsium arvense (by 5.8 8.3) and stachys palustris (L.) (by 1.1) and an increase in the share of participation of sonchus arvensis (by 2.1 2.9). The use of organomineral fertilizers with a reduced dose on the contrary contributed to an increase in the share of perennial weedage species by 1.3. The largest number of species of young weedage (11 species) is noted when applying organic fertilizers with a full dose. Chenopodium album (L.) prevailed across all farming systems. Such species as poligonums, fumaria officinalis (L.), poa annua (L.), myosotis arvensis (L.) and galium aparine (L.) responded well to the organic farming system on the organomineral one are poligonums, fumaria officinalis (L.), capsella bursapastoris (L.), spergula arvensis (L.), thlaspi arvense (L.) and lamium purpureum (L.). Barley grain yield increased with the introduction of organic fertilizers in full dose by 20.7 kg/ha (184.8) in comparison with the control.

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