Characterization and anti-acute myeloid leukemia and anti-acute T cell leukemia properties of zinc nanoparticles synthesized by a green approach for bioremediation applications

IntroductionEvery year, many people die due to cancer in all of the world. So, the preparation and formulation of new chemotherapeutic supplements and drugs with remarkable effects to treat cancer are the priority of both developing and developed countries. In this study, zinc nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous medium using Fumaria officinalis leaf as stabilizing and reducing agents.Material and methodsThe green synthesized ZnNPs@ Fumaria officinalis were characterized using different techniques including UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). The anticancer activity of ZnNPs@ Fumaria officinalis was evaluated against acute myeloid leukemia and acute T cell leukemia.ResultsAccording to the XRD analysis, 20.44 nm was measured for the crystal size of the nanoparticles. SEM images showed a uniform spherical morphology with an average size of 27.96 nm for ZnNPs@ Fumaria officinalis. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with ZnNPs@Fumaria officinalis were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human acute leukemia properties on normal (HUVEC), acute myeloid leukemia (32D-FLT3-ITD and Human HL-60/vcr), and acute T cell leukemia (Jurkat, Clone E6-1 and J.RT3-T3.5) cell lines. The IC50 of ZnNPs@Fumaria officinalis were 227, 200, 250, and 336 µg/mL against 32D-FLT3-ITD, Human HL-60/vcr, Jurkat, Clone E6-1, and J.RT3-T3.5 cell lines, respectively.ConclusionsThe viability of malignant leukemia cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of ZnNPs@Fumaria officinalis. It appears that the anti-human acute leukemia effect of ZnNPs@Fumaria officinalis is due to their antioxidant effects.

Repurposing Fumaric Acid Esters to Treat Conditions of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Promising Emerging Approach with Broad Potential

The medicinal benefit of salts of fumaric acid and its esters (FAE), known as fumarates (mono and dimethyl fumarate), was realized many years ago. Early on, FAE were derived from plants and mushrooms (e.g., Fumaria officinalis, Boletus fomentarius var. pseudo-igniarius). The FAE containing formulation Fumaderm® was licensed in Germany for the treatment of psoriasis in 1994. Recently, a clinical formulation of dimethyl fumarate known as BG12 (Tecfidera) was approved for use in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, European Union, Switzerland, and Canada for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Others and we have assessed the potential benefit of FAE in a number of disease conditions that are diverse with respect to etiology but unified with regard to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress. Hence, a FAE-based drug with robust anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that is already US-FDA approved is a perfect contender for repurposing and rapid clinical implementation for their management. There is a burgeoning literature on the use of FAE in the prevention and treatment of diseases, other than psoriasis and MS, in which oxidative stress and/or inflammation are prominent. This chapter highlights critical information gleaned from these studies, exposes lacunae of potential importance, and provides related perspectives.