Estimation of total body fluid shifts between plasma and interstitium in man during extracorporeal circulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-E. Koller ◽  
J. Bert ◽  
L. Segadal ◽  
R.K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Total Body

Body mass loss and body fluid shifts during dehydration in Dorper sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Degen ◽  
M. Kam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Dorper Sheep ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARYDorper sheep are raised in extreme desert areas. Body mass loss and body fluid shifts were measured in Dorper rams denied water for 4 days and offered only wheat straw. The rams lost 16·3% body mass, 22·0% total body water volume, 35·1 % extracellular fluid volume and 41·7% plasma volume. On first drinking following dehydration, Dorpers were able to consume 19·7% of their dehydrated body mass and 100·3 % of their body mass loss. It was concluded that Dorpers can survive in harsh deserts through their ability to withstand dehydration and quickly replenish body mass losses when water becomes available.

Experimental study of total body washout employing extracorporeal circulation and hypothermia

1974 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
A WAKABAYASHI ◽  
T KUBO ◽  
K CHARNEY ◽  
Y NAKAMURA ◽  
J CONNOLLY
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Total Body

Regulation of body fluid compartments during short-term spaceflight

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Leach ◽  
C. P. Alfrey ◽  
W. N. Suki ◽  
J. I. Leonard ◽  
P. C. Rambaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Body Fluid Compartments ◽  
Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Total Body

The fluid and electrolyte regulation experiment with seven subjects was designed to describe body fluid, renal, and fluid regulatory hormone responses during the Spacelab Life Sciences-1 (9 days) and -2 (14 days) missions. Total body water did not change significantly. Plasma volume (PV; P < 0.05) and extracellular fluid volume (ECFV; P < 0.10) decreased 21 h after launch, remaining below preflight levels until after landing. Fluid intake decreased during weightlessness, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased in the first 2 days and on day 8 (P < 0.05). Urinary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) excretion increased (P < 0.05) and fluid excretion decreased early in flight (P < 0.10). Plasma renin activity (PRA; P < 0.10) and aldosterone (P < 0.05) decreased in the first few hours after launch; PRA increased 1 wk later (P < 0.05). During flight, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were consistently lower than preflight means, and urinary cortisol excretion was usually greater than preflight levels. Acceleration at launch and landing probably caused increases in ADH and cortisol excretion, and a shift of fluid from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment would account for reductions in ECFV. Increased permeability of capillary membranes may be the most important mechanism causing spaceflight-induced PV reduction, which is probably maintained by increased GFR and other mechanisms. If the Gauer-Henry reflex operates during spaceflight, it must be completed within the first 21 h of flight and be succeeded by establishment of a reduced PV set point.

scholarly journals Control of total body fluid amount in uremic patients using the concept of lean body mass

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Akihiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuhiro Ando ◽  
Katsuo Yoshimoto ◽  
Hideo Hidai ◽  
Kohji Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Electrolyte-free milk protein solution influences sodium and fluid retention in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Ishihara ◽  
Yoshiho Kato ◽  
Ayako Usami ◽  
Mari Yamada ◽  
Asuka Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Body

AbstractMilk is an effective post-exercise rehydration drink that maintains the net positive fluid balance. However, it is unclear which components are responsible for this effect. We assessed the effect of milk protein solution (MPS) obtained by dialysis on body fluid retention. Milk, MPS, milk electrolyte solution (MES), sports drink and water were administered to male Wistar rats at a dose of 6 ml/rat after treadmill exercise. Total body fluid retention was assessed by urine volume 4 h after administration of hydrating liquids. The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated by a tracer method using 13C-labelled acetate. Plasma osmolality, Na and K levels, and urinary Na and K were measured by HPLC and osmometry, respectively. The gastric emptying rate was not delayed by MPS. During 4 h of rehydration, cumulative urine volumes differed significantly between treatment groups (P < 0·05) with 4·9, 2·2 and 3·4 ml from water-, milk- and MPS-fed rats, respectively. Thus, MPS elicited 50 % of the total body fluid retention of milk. Plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in MPS- and milk-fed rats compared with water-fed rats. Plasma osmolality was maintained at higher levels in MPS-fed rats than in water- and MES-fed rats (P < 0·05). Cumulative urine Na excretion was also suppressed in the milk- and MPS-fed groups compared with the MES-fed group. Our results demonstrate that MPS obtained by dialysis clearly affects net body water balance without affecting gastric emptying after exercise. This effect was attributed to retention of Na and water, and maintenance of plasma osmolality.

Segment-specific resistivity improves body fluid volume estimates from bioimpedance spectroscopy in hemodialysis patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhu ◽  
M. K. Kuhlmann ◽  
G. A. Kaysen ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
C. Kaitwatcharachai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Specific Resistivity ◽  
Body Fluid Volume ◽  
Total Body

Discrepancies in body fluid estimates between segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy (SBIS) and gold-standard methods may be due to the use of a uniform value of tissue resistivity to compute extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICV). Discrepancies may also arise from the exclusion of fluid volumes of hands, feet, neck, and head from measurements due to electrode positions. The aim of this study was to define the specific resistivity of various body segments and to use those values for computation of ECV and ICV along with a correction for unmeasured fluid volumes. Twenty-nine maintenance hemodialysis patients (16 men) underwent body composition analysis including whole body MRI, whole body potassium (40K) content, deuterium, and sodium bromide dilution, and segmental and wrist-to-ankle bioimpedance spectroscopy, all performed on the same day before a hemodialysis. Segment-specific resistivity was determined from segmental fat-free mass (FFM; by MRI), hydration status of FFM (by deuterium and sodium bromide), tissue resistance (by SBIS), and segment length. Segmental FFM was higher and extracellular hydration of FFM was lower in men compared with women. Segment-specific resistivity values for arm, trunk, and leg all differed from the uniform resistivity used in traditional SBIS algorithms. Estimates for whole body ECV, ICV, and total body water from SBIS using segmental instead of uniform resistivity values and after adjustment for unmeasured fluid volumes of the body did not differ significantly from gold-standard measures. The uniform tissue resistivity values used in traditional SBIS algorithms result in underestimation of ECV, ICV, and total body water. Use of segmental resistivity values combined with adjustment for body volumes that are neglected by traditional SBIS technique significantly improves estimations of body fluid volume in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Ratio for the Varying Body Impedances in Fixed Total Body Fluid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JungHun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Frequency Current

A bioelectrical impedance analysis is a proven method to measure body composition in clinical situations. It uses the relation between the body fluid and the impedances in a variety of frequencies. A body model can be simplified as a parallel combination of a capacitor and two resistors which represent a cell membrane, Intracellular Fluid (ICF), and Extracellular Fluid (ECF). Low frequency current passes through ECF and high frequency current also passes through ICF in a body. A Cole-Cole plot is a graphical interpretation of the path of impedances and each axis represents resistance and reactance with variable frequencies. A high value of resistance in a horizontal axis is a resistance value of ECF and a low value of resistance at a high frequency presents ICF. Interpolation technique is needed to find out the exact cross-point between impedance values and the horizontal axis. The two estimated impedance values are used to derive Total Body Water (TBW), ICF, ECF, Fat Free Mass (FFM), and Fat Mass (FM) from various published equations [1]. Minimizing the possible error of fluid volume assessment and accurate prediction of fluid status in a human body is essential for appropriate therapy. Different techniques of fluid status assessment in a human body can be applicable, such as physical examination, orthostatic vital signs, blood volume measurement, acoustic cardiograph, chest radiography, and thoracic ultrasonography [2]. In this study, a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy device and simple body models were used to collect data such as TBW, ICF, ECF, FM, and FFM. The ratio between ICF and ECF was investigated for the same values of TBW, FM, and FFM by varying impedance values.

Plasma volume, fluid shifts, and renal responses in humans during 12 h of head-out water immersion

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Johansen ◽  
N. Foldager ◽  
C. Stadeager ◽  
M. S. Kristensen ◽  
P. Bie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Renal Responses ◽  
Measurable Change

Changes in plasma volume (PV) throughout 12 h of thermoneutral (34.5 degrees C) water immersion (WI) were evaluated in eight subjects by an improved Evans blue (EB) technique and by measurements of hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma protein concentrations (Pprot). Appropriate time control studies (n = 6) showed no measurable change in PV. At 30 min of immersion, EB measurements demonstrated an increase in PV of 16 +/- 2% (457 +/- 70 ml). Calculations, however, based on concomitant changes in Hct, Hb, and Pprot showed an increase in PV of only 6.9 +/- 0.9 to 10.0 +/- 0.8% at 30 min of WI. PV values based on EB measurements subsequently declined throughout WI to (but not below) the preimmersion level. Concomitantly, changes in PV calculated from Pprot values remained increased, whereas estimations of changes in PV based on Hct and Hb values returned to prestudy levels after 4 h of immersion. It is concluded that PV initially increases by 16 +/- 2% during WI and does not decline below preimmersion and control levels during 12 h of immersion despite a loss of 0.9 +/- 0.2 liter of body fluid. Furthermore, changes in Hct, Hb, and Pprot do not provide accurate measures of the changes in PV during WI in humans.

In vivo total body electrical conductivity following perturbations of body fluid compartments in rats

Metabolism ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Cunningham ◽  
Joseph A. Molnar ◽  
Patricia A. Meara ◽  
Hans H. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid Compartments ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Total Body

Body fluid shifts in the dog during hypothermia

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Farrand ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

The rectal temperature of dogs was reduced to 27°C and stabilized at this level for a period of at least 3 hours. The heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, blood volumes, extracellular volume (thiocyanate space), and total body water (antipyrine space) were recorded during the reduction in temperature and the period of stable body temperature. No change was observed in the mean arterial pressure during any period of hypothermia; the heart rate decreased exponentially during the reduction in body temperature but remained constant during the stable period. Blood volume increased during the initial stages of hypothermia (33°C to 36°C) and remained at this level. Hematocrit and erythrocyte volume followed the same pattern as total blood volume, with no alteration in the plasma volume. There were no shifts in the extracellular or intracellular volumes at any time during the hypothermic state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document