Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Aeromonas salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced under in vitro and in vivo growth conditions

Acyl-lipids are vital components for all life functions of plants. They are widely studied using often in vitro conditions to determine inter alia the impact of genetic modifications and the description of biochemical and physiological functions of enzymes responsible for acyl-lipid metabolism. What is currently lacking is knowledge of if these results also hold in real environments—in in vivo conditions. Our study focused on the comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo growth conditions and their impact on the acyl-lipid metabolism of Camelina sativa leaves. The results indicate that in vitro conditions significantly decreased the lipid contents and influenced their composition. In in vitro conditions, galactolipid and trienoic acid (16:3 and 18:3) contents significantly declined, indicating the impairment of the prokaryotic pathway. Discrepancies also exist in the case of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). Their activity increased about 2–7 times in in vitro conditions compared to in vivo. In vitro conditions also substantially changed LPLATs’ preferences towards acyl-CoA. Additionally, the acyl editing process was three times more efficient in in vitro leaves. The provided evidence suggests that the results of acyl-lipid research from in vitro conditions may not completely reflect and be directly applicable in real growth environments.

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Plasmodium falciparum biology: analysis of in vitro versus in vivo growth conditions

Trends in Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.pt.2009.07.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 474-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Michele LeRoux ◽

Viswanathan Lakshmanan ◽

Johanna P. Daily

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

In Vivo Growth

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Bordetella pertussis Acquires Resistance to Complement-Mediated Killing In Vivo

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.9.4936-4942.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 4936-4942 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Pishko ◽

David J. Betting ◽

Christina S. Hutter ◽

Eric T. Harvill

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Alternative Pathway ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

O Antigen ◽

Complement Resistance ◽

Alternate Mechanism

ABSTRACT In order to initially colonize a host, bacteria must avoid various components of the innate immune system, one of which is complement. The genus Bordetella includes three closely related species that differ in their ability to resist complement-mediated killing. Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica resist killing in naïve serum, a characteristic that may aid in efficient respiratory tract colonization and has been attributed to expression of O antigen. Bordetella pertussis lacks O antigen and is sensitive to naïve serum in vitro, yet it also efficiently colonizes the respiratory tract. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that B. pertussis may have an alternate mechanism to resist complement in vivo. While a number of reports on serum sensitivity of the bordetellae have been published, we show here that serum concentration and growth conditions can greatly alter the observed level of sensitivity to complement and that all but one strain of B. pertussis observed were sensitive to some level of naïve serum in vitro, particularly when there was excess complement. However, B. pertussis rapidly acquires increased resistance in vivo to naïve serum that is specific to the alternative pathway. Resistance is not efficiently acquired by B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica mutants lacking O antigen. This B. pertussis-specific mechanism of complement resistance does not appear to be dependent on either brkA or other genes expressed specifically in the Bvg+ phase. This in vivo acquisition of alternative pathway resistance suggests that there is a novel O antigen-independent method by which B. pertussis evades complement-mediated killing.

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Capsulated cells of Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro have different functional properties than capsulated cells grown in vivo

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m95-130 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 941-945 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rafael A. Garduño ◽

William W. Kay

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Surface Antigens ◽

Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽

Serum Resistance ◽

Rich Medium ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

In Vivo Growth ◽

Capsular Material

When grown in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout, Aeromonas salmonicida produces a clearly defined capsule with virulence-related functions. Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro in a glucose-rich medium (GRM) has also been reported to produce capsular material. Because in vitro mimicry of in vivo induced traits is highly desirable in vaccine design, the extent to which growth in GRM mimicked in vivo growth was examined. Antibodies specific to in vivo grown cells partially labeled the surface of GRM-grown cells, as well as two distinct proteins (81 700 and 41 000 Mr) in immunoblots of mutants with S-layer or lipopolysaccharide defects. GRM-grown strains showed an increased sensitivity to trout serum in contradistinction to the complete serum resistance of in vivo grown cells; as well, GRM-grown cells were more adherent to trout macrophages. Thus in spite of possessing some surface antigens normally expressed in vivo, cells grown on solid GRM did not possess all functional properties of in vivo grown cells.Key words: Aeromonas salmonicida, bacterial capsules, mimicry of in vivo conditions, furunculosis vaccines.

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Responses to in vitro and in vivo immunisations with Aeromonas salmonicida O antigen bacterins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/s1050-4648(05)80064-6 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D ANDERSON ◽

G JENEY

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽

O Antigen ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

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Gene Expression of Commensal Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain NCC533 during In Vitro Growth and in the Murine Gut

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00991-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 189 (22) ◽

pp. 8109-8119 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Emmanuel Denou ◽

Bernard Berger ◽

Caroline Barretto ◽

Jean-Michel Panoff ◽

Fabrizio Arigoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stationary Phase ◽

Viable Cell ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

In Vivo Growth

ABSTRACT Work with pathogens like Vibrio cholerae has shown major differences between genes expressed in bacteria grown in vitro and in vivo. To explore this subject for commensals, we investigated the transcription of the Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 genome during in vitro and in vivo growth using the microarray technology. During broth growth, 537, 626, and 277 of the 1,756 tested genes were expressed during exponential phase, “adaptation” (early stationary phase), and stationary phase, respectively. One hundred one, 150, and 33 genes, respectively, were specifically transcribed in these three phases. To explore the in vivo transcription program, we fed L. johnsonii containing a resistance plasmid to antibiotic-treated mice. After a 2-day washout phase, we determined the viable-cell counts of lactobacilli that were in the lumina and associated with the mucosae of different gut segments. While the cell counts showed a rather uniform distribution along the gut, we observed marked differences with respect to the expression of the Lactobacillus genome. The largest number of transcribed genes was in the stomach (n = 786); the next-largest numbers occurred in the cecum (n = 391) and the jejunum (n = 296), while only 26 Lactobacillus genes were transcribed in the colon. In vitro and in vivo transcription programs overlapped only partially. One hundred ninety-one of the transcripts from the lactobacilli in the stomach were not detected during in vitro growth; 202 and 213 genes, respectively, were transcribed under all in vitro and in vivo conditions; but the core transcriptome for all growth conditions comprised only 103 genes. Forty-four percent of the NCC533 genes were not detectably transcribed under any of the investigated conditions. Nontranscribed genes were clustered on the genome and enriched in the variable-genome part. Our data revealed not only major differences between in vitro- and in vivo-expressed genes in a Lactobacillus gut commensal organism but also marked changes in the expression of genes along the digestive tract.

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Altered expression of a metformin-mediated radiation response in SA-NH and FSa tumor cells treated under in vitro and in vivo growth conditions

International Journal of Radiation Biology ◽

10.1080/09553002.2017.1304592 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 665-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Murley ◽

Richard C. Miller ◽

Raziye Rana Senlik ◽

Alfred W. Rademaker ◽

David J. Grdina

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Radiation Response ◽

Altered Expression ◽

In Vivo Growth

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Regeneration linked miRNA modify tumor phenotype and can enforce multi-lineage growth arrest in vivo

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90009-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siamak Salehi ◽

Oliver D. Tavabie ◽

Augusto Villanueva ◽

Julie Watson ◽

David Darling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Tumor Aggressiveness ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

Tumor Phenotype ◽

Aggressive Tumor ◽

In Vivo Growth ◽

Regulation Of Regeneration

AbstractRegulated cell proliferation is an effector mechanism of regeneration, whilst dysregulated cell proliferation is a feature of cancer. We have previously identified microRNA (miRNA) that regulate successful and failed human liver regeneration. We hypothesized that these regulators may directly modify tumor behavior. Here we show that inhibition of miRNAs -503 and -23a, alone or in combination, enhances tumor proliferation in hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte derived cancers in vitro, driving more aggressive tumor behavior in vivo. Inhibition of miRNA-152 caused induction of DNMT1, site-specific methylation with associated changes in gene expression and in vitro and in vivo growth inhibition. Enforced changes in expression of two miRNA recapitulating changes observed in failed regeneration led to complete growth inhibition of multi-lineage cancers in vivo. Our results indicate that regulation of regeneration and tumor aggressiveness are concordant and that miRNA-based inhibitors of regeneration may constitute a novel treatment strategy for human cancers.

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