Pollen and stigma morphology of some Phaseoleae species (Leguminosae) with different pollinators

The authors provide a new circumscription for genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” of Bromeliaceae subfam. Bromelioideae, originally composed of Cryptanthus, Lapanthus, Orthophytum, and Sincoraea, on the basis of new or re-evaluated ecological, geographical and morphological evidence, as well as molecular phylogenies. A new generic status is proposed for Cryptanthus subg. Hoplocryptanthus and two new genera, Forzzaea, and Rokautskyia, as well as four new subgenera in Orthophytum (Capixabanthus, Clavanthus, Krenakanthus, and Orthocryptanthus) are described to render taxonomic units monophyletic. The recognized taxa are well circumscribed by the combination of geographical range, ecology and morphological characters (sex distribution, leaf succulence, sepal and petal size and connation, petal appendages, pollen and stigma morphology, fruit size, calyx persistency, seed size and number per fruit). Field collected living specimens of 78 of the 81 species of Cryptanthus s.l., all species of Lapanthus, 58 of the 59 species of Orthophytum, and all species of Sincoraea were analysed in habitat and/or in cultivation, allowing the documentation and illustration of new and underutilized characters. The molecular analysis incorporated 91 accessions representing 33 species of Cryptanthus, all species (3) of Lapanthus, 42 species of Orthophytum, and 9 species of Sincoraea, including the type species for the first three genera and four outgroup taxa. The results suggest, that some morphological characters generally considered homoplasious for Bromelioideae, for the “Cryptanthoid complex”, are not homoplasious at least within the obtained, biogeographycally well delimited clades and their taxonomical utility is redeemed.

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Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.279.1.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 279 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

MICHAEL H.J. BARFUSS ◽

WALTER TILL ◽

ELTON M.C. LEME ◽

JUAN P. PINZÓN ◽

JOSÉ M. MANZANARES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Identification Key ◽

New Genera ◽

Stigma Morphology

A taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is presented based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny (viz., plastid DNA loci rpoB-trnC-petN, trnK-matK-trnK, and ycf1, and the nuclear DNA gene PHYC) and new or re-evaluated morphology (e.g., leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal, ovary, stigma, stamen, pollen, ovule, and seed morphology). This enables the circumscription of monophyletic units using synapomorphic combinations of diagnostic morphological characters. Stigma morphology has proven to be indicative for super-specific taxa in Tillandsioideae. One new stigma type and several subtypes of previously described stigmas were found. The four tribes proposed earlier are mostly confirmed, but Catopsideae replaces the formerly used name Pogospermeae for the monotypic tribe of Catopsis. In addition, the two new subtribes Cipuropsidinae and Vrieseinae are proposed within tribe Vrieseeae. Several new genera are established to render taxonomic units monophyletic and morphologically well circumscribed. They represent segregates of either Mezobromelia (Gregbrownia: 4 spp.), Tillandsia (viz., Barfussia: 3 spp., Josemania: 5 spp., Lemeltonia: 7 spp., Pseudalcantarea: 3 spp., and Wallisia: 4 spp. and 1 hybrid), or Vriesea (viz., Goudaea: 2 spp., Jagrantia: 1 sp., Lutheria: 4 spp., Stigmatodon: 18 spp., and Zizkaea: 1 spp.). The new subgenera Tillandsia subg. Pseudovriesea and T. subg. Viridantha are established, and T. subg. Aerobia is resurrected. An identification key to all accepted genera of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is provided. Furthermore, to clarify nomenclatural uncertainties, typifications are proposed for Catopsis subg. Tridynandra, Thecophyllum [unranked] Biflorae, Tillandsia subg. Aerobia, T. sect. Caricifoliae, T. sect. Conostachys, T. sect. Cyathophora, T. sect. Eriophyllum, T. sect. Macrocyathus, T. sect. Platystachys Baker auct. non al., Tillandsia sect. Strepsia, Vriesea subg. Conostachys Mez auct. non al., T. lindenii K. Koch auct. non al., and T. macropetala.

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Floral morphology and pollination system in the native Australian perennial pasture legume Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10193 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan-Jing Wang ◽

Ramakrishnan M. Nair ◽

Chun-Sheng Mu ◽

Ian S. Dundas

Keyword(s):

Floral Morphology ◽

South Australia ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Stigma Receptivity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Stigma Morphology ◽

Scanning Electron

Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica) is a native perennial legume with potential in the low-rainfall wheatbelt of southern Australia. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of C. australasicum utilising five accessions. Glasshouse and field pollination experiments were conducted in Adelaide, South Australia. Floral morphology, stigma receptivity and pollen : ovule ratios were determined. Pollen tube growth and stigma morphology were examined using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes. Glasshouse pollination studies indicated that four of the accessions showed the need for an external tripping agent to bring about pollination and that hand-tripping was the most efficient method. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed there are two types of stigmas in this species. Stigma receptivity was significantly lower at the early bud stage before anther dehiscence. The results show that C. australasicum is a self-compatible species comprising accessions with a wide range of outcrossing potential.

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Morphological characterization and reproductive aspects in genetic variability studies of forage peanut

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000200014 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marilda Augusta Peres Oliveira ◽

José Francisco Montenegro Valls

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Seed Production ◽

Reproductive Behavior ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Reproductive Behaviors ◽

Euclidian Distance ◽

Production Variability ◽

Stigma Morphology

Morphological characterization and the study of reproductive behavior are important procedures to identify desirable traits of progenitors to be included in breeding programs. Morphological descriptors and the reproductive behavior of parental accessions of the legumes Arachis pintoi Krapov & W.C.Gregory and A. repens Handro were analyzed looking for the probable causes of seed production variability. Morphological and reproductive characterization were used for the estimation of the genetic variability of five A. pintoi and two A. repens accessions, with crosses being conducted in a greenhouse. Parents and hybrids have shown high pollen stainability, regular meiosis (2n=20), and presented distinctive reproductive behaviors: A. pintoi accessions GK 12787, V 13468 and V 6791-wf are prolific seed producers, while A. pintoi V 13167, V 13338 and A. repens Nc 1579 and Nc 1578, rarely produce seeds. Intraspecific crosses generated fertile F1 and F2 hybrids from five combinations. Interspecific crosses produced sterile F1 hybrids. Stigma morphology and distinct mode of reproduction present among accessions suggest possible barriers for seed production in some cross-combinations. Euclidian distance range between parents was 0.20 to 5.52. Accessions GK 12787 and Nc 1579 presented the maximum distance: 5.52, and V 13468 and Nc 1579 the minimum distance: 0.20. The Euclidian distance was considered an adequate methodology to study genetic diversity of parental accessions.

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Stigma Morphology in Commelinaceae

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086076 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 771-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. J. OWENS ◽

F. M. KIMMINS

Keyword(s):

Stigma Morphology

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A reappraisal of the generic status of Gastrocotyle, Hormuzakia and Phyllocara(Boraginaceae) in the light of micromorphological and karyological evidence

Edinburgh Journal of Botany ◽

10.1017/s0960428600001104 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 229-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Bigazzi ◽

F. Selvi ◽

G. Fiorini

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Corolla Tube ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Generic Status ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Inflorescence Structure ◽

Single Genus ◽

Micromorphological Characters ◽

Stigma Morphology

The results of karyological analyses and SEM micromorphological observations on vegetative and reproductive structures of the critical genera Gastrocotyle, Hormuzakia and Phyllocara (Boraginaceae: Boragineae) are presented and discussed in relation to their taxonomic position within the tribe. Each of these monotypic genera is characterized by distinctive features in stigma morphology, papillar pattern, structure of faucal scales, development of the hairy annulus at the base of the corolla tube and ornamentation of the mericarp coat surface. G. hispida and H. aggregata showed 2n = 16 and complements of medium-sized and very large chromosomes, respectively. P. aucheri was characterized by a tetraploid set of 32 chromosomes including a group similar to those of Anchusa and a group closer to those of Nonea in terms of size and centromcric position. This species could have an allopolyploid origin, resulting from the hybridization of members of these two genera. Along with distinctive traits in inflorescence structure, fruit shape and pollen morphology, karyological and micromorphological characters determine sharp phenetic discontinuities from Anchusa, from which these plants should be kept generically separated. At the same time, the presence of relevant autapomorphies in each of the three genera prevents them from being merged in a single genus.

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The systematic value of stigma morphology in the legume tribe Trifolieae with particular reference to Medicago

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b83-263 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 2388-2404 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ernest Small ◽

Brenda S. Brookes

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

The Other ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Electron And Light Microscopy ◽

Stigma Morphology ◽

Scanning Electron

Examination by scanning electron and light microscopy was carried out on all genera of the legume tribe Trifolieae (Medicago, Trigonella, Factorovskya, Melilotus, Trifolium, Ononis including Passaea, and Parochetus) and on some genera of tribe Loteae (Lotus, Tetragonolobus, and Dorycnium) which have been alleged to be closely related to the former assemblage. It was found that the stigmas of Medicago, including those of problematical species often placed in other genera, were fungiliform, with a basal circumferential ring of papillae and an apex apparently free of papillar outgrowths. The monotypic genus Factorovskya, a segregate from Trigonella, possesses a stigma substantially like that of Medicago. Moreover", several of the sections of Trigonella have stigmas like that of Medicago and quite unlike those of the bulk of Trigonella species. Medicago, Factorovskya, and these sections of Trigonella appear to form a distinct phylad, separable on the basis of stigma features from all of the other genera examined.

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Floral Morphology and Breeding System of Three Species of Eucalyptus, Section Bisectaria (Myrtaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9920249 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 249 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

MF Ellis ◽

M Sedgley

Keyword(s):

Breeding System ◽

No Reduction ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Self Incompatibility ◽

Floral Structure ◽

Transmitting Tissue ◽

Self Pollination ◽

Low Levels ◽

Ovule Penetration ◽

Stigma Morphology

Aspects of the breeding system, floral morphology and pistil cytology were studied in three trees each of E. spathulata, E. cladocalyx and E. leptophylla. E. spathulata and E. leptophylla were found to be highly self incompatible, setting very low levels of seed from controlled self pollination. E. cladocalyx trees ranged from self compatible to self incompatible. Reductions were seen in both the number of capsules and the numbers of seeds per capsule, from self pollination. The mechanism of self incompatibility was investigated in the pistil by following the success of cross and self pollinations with fluorescence microscopy. In E. cladocalyx and E. leptophylla no reduction in ovule penetration was seen from self pollination while in E. spathulata a significant reduction was seen in two trees but not the third, indicating that the post-zygotic mechanism of self incompatibility operates in all three species, and with mixed pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms in E. spathulata. Floral architecture differed between the three species in the structure of the inflorescence units, flower morphology, and anther, pollen and ovule numbers per flower. Pistil cytology was similar for all three species but differed in the length of the stylar canal, degree of sclerotinisation, stigma morphology and volume of transmitting tissue. The implications of floral structure and of the location and extent of outcrossing control are discussed in relation to seed genotypes and seed output.

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