Sound production in Scolytidae: Acoustic signals of male and female Dendroctonus valens LeConte

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C. Ryker ◽  
J. A. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens

scholarly journals Sound production in male and female corkwing wrasses and its relation to visual behaviour

Bioacoustics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Karen Bussmann ◽  
Anne Christine Utne-Palm ◽  
Karen de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Visual Behaviour

scholarly journals Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Frequency Tone ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Sound Pulses ◽  
Stellula Calliope ◽  
Courtship Displays

Abstract Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone (hft), a low frequency tone (lft), and atonal sound pulses (asp), which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices (tail-feathers) of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hft or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds similar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism.

scholarly journals Specialized Feathers Produce Sonations During Flight in Columbina Ground Doves

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Niese ◽  
Christopher J Clark ◽  
Bret W Tobalske
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New World ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Video And Audio

Synopsis The shape of remiges (primary and secondary feathers) is constrained and stereotyped by the demands of flight, but members of the subfamily of New World ground doves (Peristerinae) possess many atypical remex shapes with which they produce sonations of alarm. Within the genus Columbina specifically, the seventh primary feathers (P7) have elongated barbs that create a protrusion on the trailing vane which varies in size and shape between species. These feathers are hypothesized to have been coopted to produce communicative sounds (i.e., sonations) during flight, but the mechanism of this sound production is unknown. We tested the sound-producing capabilities of spread wing specimens from three species of ground doves (C. inca, C. passerina, and C. talpacoti) in a wind tunnel. High speed video and audio analyses indicated that all wings of adult birds produced buzzing sounds in the orientation and flow velocity of mid-upstroke. These buzzing sounds were produced as the protrusion of elongated barbs fluttered and collided with adjacent P6 feathers at a fundamental frequency of 200 and 400 Hz, respectively. Wings from juvenile C. inca produced significantly quieter buzzes and most (three of four individuals) lacked the elongated barbs that are present in adults. Buzzing sounds produced in the wind tunnel were similar to those produced by wild birds indicating that these P7 feathers have been coopted to produce acoustic signals (sonations) during flight. The shape and mechanism of sound production described here in Columbina appear to be unique among birds.

The sounds of fighting: contests between violet vinegar crabs, Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), are resolved through acoustic communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
Song Lin Rigel Goh ◽  
Hari Vishnu ◽  
Ngan Kee Ng
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Wood Substrate ◽  
Resource Holding Potential ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Temporal Features

Abstract Sound plays an important role in animal communication. Sesarmid crabs (family Sesarmidae) are semi-terrestrial crabs found in tropical and temperate regions, and are known to communicate through acoustic signals. The violet vinegar crab Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) is a tree-climber known to possess sound-producing structures. The significance of sounds produced by E. versicolor during intraspecific contests, however, remains unknown. We investigated the context in which sound production occurs by staging 27 trials using male crabs. Three main types of acoustic behaviours were documented: rapping, leg stamping, and vibration. With the exception of vibration, these behaviours were also observed in female crabs. The air or the wood substrate was utilised to transmit acoustic signals, with each sound having unique spectral and temporal features serving different purposes. Rapping and leg stamping may be an advertisement of the sender’s resource-holding potential for territorial defence and asserting dominance during fights. Vibration is likely a victory display that discourages the contest loser as well as individuals in the vicinity from engaging the victor in another fight. Episesarma versicolor can therefore produce acoustic signals that may contain information about the sender, minimising costs associated with direct conflicts.

scholarly journals Vocalization with semi-occluded airways is favorable for optimizing sound production

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1008744
Author(s):  
Ingo R. Titze ◽  
Anil Palaparthi ◽  
Karin Cox ◽  
Amanda Stark ◽  
Lynn Maxfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Impedance Calculation ◽  
Geometric Measurement ◽  
Airway Dimensions

Vocalization in mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians occurs with airways that have wide openings to free-space for efficient sound radiations, but sound is also produced with occluded or semi-occluded airways that have small openings to free-space. It is hypothesized that pressures produced inside the airway with semi-occluded vocalizations have an overall widening effect on the airway. This overall widening then provides more opportunity to produce wide-narrow contrasts along the airway for variation in sound quality and loudness. For human vocalization described here, special emphasis is placed on the epilaryngeal airway, which can be adjusted for optimal aerodynamic power transfer and for optimal acoustic source-airway interaction. The methodology is three-fold, (1) geometric measurement of airway dimensions from CT scans, (2) aerodynamic and acoustic impedance calculation of the airways, and (3) simulation of acoustic signals with a self-oscillating computational model of the sound source and wave propagation.

Underwater click train production by the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) suggests an echo-ranging function

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maust-Mohl ◽  
Joseph Soltis ◽  
Diana Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Click Train ◽  
Rudimentary Form

Abstract Common hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) live in murky waters and produce a variety of acoustic signals including underwater click trains considered to be social in function. We tested the hypothesis that click trains may function for underwater detection. We used observational and experimental methods involving 16 captive hippos to document the occurrence of click trains in different contexts and describe the acoustic parameters of the clicks. Male and female hippos produced click trains correlated with searching underwater for food items placed in their pools. Males produced click trains when alone supporting the hypothesis that these signals function for detection and are not only social in function. The frequency bandwidth of individual clicks varied and most were below 10 000 Hz. Click train production by hippos during underwater searches suggests a rudimentary form of echo-ranging that may function when other sensory systems are limited in their aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Extreme duty cycles in the acoustic signals of tiger moths: Sexual and natural selection operating in parallel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohami Fernández ◽  
Nicolas J Dowdy ◽  
William E Conner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
High Duty Cycle ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Tiger Moths

Abstract Sound production in tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) plays a role in natural selection. Some species use tymbal sounds as jamming signals avoiding bat predation. High duty cycle signals have the greatest efficacy in this regard. Tiger moth sounds can also be used for intraspecific communication. Little is known about the role of sound in the mating behavior of jamming species or the signal preferences underlying mate choice. We recorded sound production during the courtship of two high duty cycle arctiines, Bertholdia trigona and Carales arizonensis. We characterized variation in their acoustic signals, measured female preference for male signals that vary in duty cycle, and performed female choice experiments to determine the effect of male duty cycle on the acceptance of male mates. Although both species produced sound during courtship, the role of acoustic communication appears different between the species. Bertholdia trigona was acoustically active in all intraspecific interactions. Females preferred and ultimately mated with males that produced higher duty cycles. Muted males were never chosen. In C. arizonensis however, sound emissions were limited during courtship and in some successful matings no sound was detected. Muted and clicking males were equally successful in female mate-choice experiments, indicating that acoustic communication is not essential for mating in C. arizonensis. Our results suggest that in B. trigona natural and sexual selection may work in parallel, to favor higher duty cycle clicking.

Sound Production By the Cod (Gadus Callarias L.)

Behaviour ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien M. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cryptic Coloration ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Aggressive Male ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMale and female cod greater than 37 cm. in total length were heard to produce a low grunting sound in captivity. The sound has a peak frequency of about 50 cycles per second, and a duration of about one fifth of a second. The swimbladder shows features which would increase its value as a sound producing organ if vibrated by the drumming muscles attached to it, but this drumming could not be produced by electrical stimulation of recently killed cod. Cod in captivity most frequently produced sounds in February and March associated with spawning and from September to November when the fish were very aggressive. Sounds associated with spawning increased in frequency after sunset but at other times of the year the sounds ceased at dusk. Grunting sounds made during the threat display of aggressive male and female cod were intimidating if produced within about six inches of the threatened fish. In the spawning season grunts were only made by the males and were used with aggressive behaviour to remove immature females and less vigorous males from the vicinity of dominant males. Grunts accompanied the courtship display of the male and stimulated the female to respond more adequately to the display and to swim upwards to spawn. Males mistakenly mounted by other males grunted and broke up the pairing. Sounds were produced by cod frightened by strange objects, when startled or when fleeing from aggressive cod or a natural predator (Conger conger). Severely frightened cod assumed a cryptic coloration, pressed down on the bottom and were silent even when strongly stimulated. Electrical stimulation of living cod caused some grunts, usually with signs of fear. Grunts accompanying choking were assumed to be involuntary. Aggression with the production of sounds was not used in competitive feeding but stimulation by food increased the frequency of aggressive behaviour after a short delay. Cod rarely grunted when stroked and did not produce sounds at temperatures below 4° C. Cod in a new environment were usually silent.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

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